TDF Community Blog

The artificial complexity of OOXML files (the PPTX case)

2025-10-102025-10-11

This is the third and final post on the topic of the artificial complexity of the OOXML format. This complexity is the result of careful design aimed at preventing interoperability. Developers have to deal with a veritable “maze” of tags, even for the simplest content. This binds users to the Microsoft ecosystem, providing the first example of standard-based lock-in.

The PPTX case

To demonstrate the difference in complexity between Impress and PowerPoint XML schemas in ODF and OOXML formats, I created a simple eight-slide presentation summarising the most common types: title and subtitle, centred text, bulleted list, table, vector image, photo, colour graphics and video. I created the same file using both software programmes, starting from a basic template without a background to prevent interference with the slide format and, consequently, the XML schema.

This is the PDF file of the presentation (the first seven slides are identical, while the video on the last slide is replaced by a static image):

slidelo

To perform the analysis, I duplicated and renamed the two files, replacing the original extension with ‘ZIP’, and then unzipped them to create two folders containing all the files from their respective XML schemas.

The LibreOffice folder is very similar to the one created by Calc and Writer, containing five subfolders – three of which are identical to those of the ODS and ODT files – and five files. manifest.rdf is missing, but all the others are present and have the same characteristics. The Media and Pictures folders were added to contain multimedia content and images. Once again, all the content is located in the content.xml file, while the other files contain instructions for displaying the slides correctly and for displaying elements other than text.

Therefore, despite the diversity of the three applications (Calc, Writer and Impress), we are faced with an extremely consistent internal file structure, as one would expect from a standard that aims to simplify life for users and developers. This consistency is a key benefit and simplifies the reproducibility of the standard format.

The Microsoft 365 folder contains three subfolders and the [Content_Types].xml file, as with the XLSX and DOCX files examined in the last two weeks. One of the folders has a different name, but this relates to the application and does not increase complexity. Opening the ‘[Content_Types].xml’ file provides information about the other files, including those in the subfolders.

In this case, the content is located in eight slide*.xml files (where the asterisk is a sequential number) inside the slide folder within the ppt folder. These folders and files are completely different to those in the XLSX and DOCX files, but information relevant to displaying slides on screen is scattered throughout them. Again, there are no technical reasons for the differences in the XML schemas of the three files other than to make their internal structures more complex. This unnecessary complexity is also reflected in the XML files describing the contents of the presentation.

The ODP file

As with ODS and ODT files, the content.xml file is divided into two parts: the description of styles, which varies depending on the number and characteristics of the styles used in the document; and the description of the content itself, which varies depending on its length. In the case of a presentation, the style description can be extremely detailed and quite long if the slides contain different elements, as in the document I created for this comparison.

To avoid repetition, I extracted the first part of the content.xml file and simplified the style descriptions where they were repetitive (e.g. slide 7, where each coloured box corresponds to a style). In all these cases, I removed the less significant descriptions, leaving only the most detailed one.

The sequence is as follows: slide style; graphic element style (specifically, the red box on slide 7); title style; table, column, row and cell style; paragraph style; text style; and bullet point style.

CONTENT.XML (style description).

<office:automatic-styles>
<style:style style:name=”dp1″ style:family=”drawing-page”>
<style:drawing-page-properties presentation:background-visible=”true” presentation:background-objects-visible=”true” presentation:display-footer=”true” presentation:display-page-number=”false” presentation:display-date-time=”true”/>
</style:style>
<style:style style:name=”gr4″ style:family=”graphic” style:parent-style-name=”standard”>
<style:graphic-properties svg:stroke-color=”#000000″ draw:fill-color=”#ff0000″ draw:textarea-horizontal-align=”justify” draw:textarea-vertical-align=”middle” draw:auto-grow-height=”false” fo:min-height=”2.854cm” fo:min-width=”3.509cm” loext:decorative=”false”/>
</style:style>
<style:style style:name=”pr1″ style:family=”presentation” style:parent-style-name=”Default-title”>
<style:graphic-properties fo:min-height=”2.63cm” loext:decorative=”false”/>
<style:paragraph-properties style:writing-mode=”lr-tb”/>
</style:style>
<style:style style:name=”co1″ style:family=”table-column”>
<style:table-column-properties style:column-width=”11.988cm” style:use-optimal-column-width=”false”/>
</style:style>
<style:style style:name=”ro1″ style:family=”table-row”>
<style:table-row-properties style:row-height=”1.683cm” style:use-optimal-row-height=”false”/>
</style:style>
<style:style style:name=”ce1″ style:family=”table-cell”>
<style:text-properties style:font-name=”Aptos” fo:font-size=”24pt” style:font-size-asian=”24pt” style:font-size-complex=”24pt”/>
</style:style>
<style:style style:name=”P1″ style:family=”paragraph”>
<style:text-properties style:font-name=”Aptos” fo:font-size=”36pt” fo:font-weight=”bold” style:font-size-asian=”36pt” style:font-weight-asian=”bold” style:font-size-complex=”36pt” style:font-weight-complex=”bold”/>
<style:style style:name=”T1″ style:family=”text”>
<style:text-properties style:font-name=”Aptos” fo:font-size=”36pt” fo:font-weight=”bold” style:font-size-asian=”36pt” style:font-weight-asian=”bold” style:font-size-complex=”36pt” style:font-weight-complex=”bold”/>
</style:style>
<text:list-style style:name=”L1″>
<text:list-level-style-bullet text:level=”1″ text:bullet-char=”●”>
<style:list-level-properties text:min-label-width=”0.6cm”/>
<style:text-properties fo:font-family=”StarSymbol” style:use-window-font-color=”true” fo:font-size=”45%”/>
</text:list-level-style-bullet>
</text:list-style>
</office:automatic-styles>

CONTENT.XML (content description)

<office:body>
<office:presentation>
<draw:page draw:name=”page1″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default” presentation:presentation-page-layout-name=”AL1T0″>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr1″ draw:text-style-name=”P1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”25.199cm” svg:height=”2.63cm” svg:x=”1.4cm” svg:y=”0.627cm” presentation:class=”title” presentation:user-transformed=”true”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T1″>Lorem Ipsum</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr2″ draw:text-style-name=”P3″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”23.952cm” svg:height=”8.03cm” svg:x=”2.019cm” svg:y=”3.992cm” presentation:class=”subtitle” presentation:user-transformed=”true”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P2″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T2″>Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit…</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”1″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<draw:page draw:name=”page2″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default” presentation:presentation-page-layout-name=”AL2T32″>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr4″ draw:text-style-name=”P5″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”23.975cm” svg:height=”11.976cm” svg:x=”2.019cm” svg:y=”2.019cm” presentation:class=”subtitle” presentation:user-transformed=”true”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P2″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T3″>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In at sodales arcu, sollicitudin eleifend justo. Integer in ornare leo. Pellentesque ultrices sapien pharetra lectus finibus cursus. Vestibulum pulvinar, ex sed interdum pharetra, est risus efficitur arcu, ac aliquet ante diam ac eros. Sed vitae dui nec odio rutrum ornare. Cras in neque et neque cursus vehicula. Mauris posuere sed lorem at faucibus.</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”2″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<draw:page draw:name=”page3″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default” presentation:presentation-page-layout-name=”AL3T1″>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr5″ draw:text-style-name=”P1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”25.199cm” svg:height=”2.63cm” svg:x=”1.4cm” svg:y=”0.627cm” presentation:class=”title”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T1″>Mauris efficitur volutpat dictum</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr6″ draw:text-style-name=”P6″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”25.199cm” svg:height=”10.049cm” svg:x=”1.4cm” svg:y=”3.992cm” presentation:class=”outline” presentation:user-transformed=”true”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:list text:style-name=”L2″>
<text:list-item>
<text:p text:style-name=”P6″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T3″>Praesent tempus sodales lacus at accumsan.</text:span>
</text:p>
</text:list-item>
<text:list-item>
<text:p text:style-name=”P6″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T2″>Pellentesque vel neque rutrum, posuere sapien eget, eleifend leo.</text:span>
</text:p>
</text:list-item>
<text:list-item>
<text:p text:style-name=”P6″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T2″>Proin ut ultricies magna.</text:span>
</text:p>
</text:list-item>
<text:list-item>
<text:p text:style-name=”P6″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T2″>Nulla facilisi.</text:span>
</text:p>
</text:list-item>
<text:list-item>
<text:p text:style-name=”P6″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T2″>Donec sed risus quis tellus facilisis elementum.</text:span>
</text:p>
</text:list-item>
<text:list-item>
<text:p text:style-name=”P6″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T2″>Vivamus sit amet semper nisl, vel tristique mi.</text:span>
</text:p>
</text:list-item>
<text:list-item>
<text:p text:style-name=”P6″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T2″>Aenean lobortis neque in malesuada ornare.</text:span>
</text:p>
</text:list-item>
</text:list>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”3″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<draw:page draw:name=”page4″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default” presentation:presentation-page-layout-name=”AL3T1″>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr5″ draw:text-style-name=”P1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”25.199cm” svg:height=”2.63cm” svg:x=”1.4cm” svg:y=”0.627cm” presentation:class=”title”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T1″>Proin sed mattis elit</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<draw:frame draw:style-name=”gr2″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”23.974cm” svg:height=”8.274cm” svg:x=”2.042cm” svg:y=”3.964cm” presentation:class=”table” presentation:user-transformed=”true”>
<table:table table:template-name=”default” table:use-first-row-styles=”true” table:use-banding-rows-styles=”true”>
<table:table-column table:style-name=”co1″/>
<table:table-column table:style-name=”co2″/>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″ table:default-cell-style-name=”ce1″>
<table:table-cell>
<text:p text:style-name=”P7″>Aenean ultricies turpis eu erat euismod porta.</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell>
<text:p text:style-name=”P7″>Maecenas nec ullamcorper odio, ac tincidunt metus.</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″ table:default-cell-style-name=”ce1″>
<table:table-cell>
<text:p text:style-name=”P7″>Duis volutpat sapien at interdum consequat.</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell>
<text:p text:style-name=”P7″>Donec vel semper nisl.</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″ table:default-cell-style-name=”ce1″>
<table:table-cell>
<text:p text:style-name=”P7″>Sed scelerisque odio non justo suscipit congue.</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell>
<text:p text:style-name=”P7″>Maecenas convallis quis neque at elementum.</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro2″ table:default-cell-style-name=”ce1″>
<table:table-cell table:number-columns-spanned=”2″>
<text:p text:style-name=”P7″>In fringilla tortor id orci porttitor, a euismod velit molestie.</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:covered-table-cell/>
</table:table-row>
</table:table>
<draw:image xlink:href=”Pictures/TablePreview1.svm” xlink:type=”simple” xlink:show=”embed” xlink:actuate=”onLoad”/>
</draw:frame>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”4″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<draw:page draw:name=”page5″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default” presentation:presentation-page-layout-name=”AL4T19″>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr5″ draw:text-style-name=”P1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”25.199cm” svg:height=”2.63cm” svg:x=”1.4cm” svg:y=”0.627cm” presentation:class=”title”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T1″>Aliquam lobortis rutrum massa</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<draw:frame draw:style-name=”gr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P8″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”19.983cm” svg:height=”10.119cm” svg:x=”4.015cm” svg:y=”3.945cm”>
<draw:image xlink:href=”Pictures/10004DCD0000333B00001B9032A76A02.svg” xlink:type=”simple” xlink:show=”embed” xlink:actuate=”onLoad” draw:mime-type=”image/svg+xml”>
<text:p/>
</draw:image>
<draw:image xlink:href=”Pictures/10000001000001F00000010B2D77AC6F.png” xlink:type=”simple” xlink:show=”embed” xlink:actuate=”onLoad” draw:mime-type=”image/png”/>
</draw:frame>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”5″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<draw:page draw:name=”page6″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default”>
<draw:frame draw:style-name=”gr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P8″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”23.956cm” svg:height=”11.952cm” svg:x=”2.049cm” svg:y=”2.019cm”>
<draw:image xlink:href=”Pictures/100000000000140800000C3850FDFB6D.jpg” xlink:type=”simple” xlink:show=”embed” xlink:actuate=”onLoad” draw:mime-type=”image/jpeg”>
<text:p/>
</draw:image>
</draw:frame>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”6″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<draw:page draw:name=”page7″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default” presentation:presentation-page-layout-name=”AL4T19″>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr1″ draw:text-style-name=”P1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”25.199cm” svg:height=”2.63cm” svg:x=”1.4cm” svg:y=”0.627cm” presentation:class=”title” presentation:user-transformed=”true”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T1″>Nullam ac laoreet orci</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr4″ draw:text-style-name=”P9″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.009cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”2.004cm” svg:y=”11.396cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr5″ draw:text-style-name=”P10″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.008cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”8.668cm” svg:y=”11.396cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr6″ draw:text-style-name=”P11″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.008cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”15.332cm” svg:y=”11.353cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr7″ draw:text-style-name=”P12″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.009cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”21.993cm” svg:y=”11.396cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr8″ draw:text-style-name=”P9″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.009cm” svg:height=”3.103cm” svg:x=”2.003cm” svg:y=”7.47cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr9″ draw:text-style-name=”P10″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.008cm” svg:height=”3.103cm” svg:x=”8.667cm” svg:y=”7.47cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr10″ draw:text-style-name=”P11″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.008cm” svg:height=”3.103cm” svg:x=”15.331cm” svg:y=”7.427cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr11″ draw:text-style-name=”P12″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.009cm” svg:height=”3.103cm” svg:x=”21.992cm” svg:y=”7.47cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr4″ draw:text-style-name=”P9″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.009cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”2.002cm” svg:y=”3.543cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr5″ draw:text-style-name=”P10″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.008cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”8.666cm” svg:y=”3.543cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr6″ draw:text-style-name=”P11″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.008cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”15.33cm” svg:y=”3.5cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr7″ draw:text-style-name=”P12″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.009cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”21.991cm” svg:y=”3.543cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”7″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<draw:page draw:name=”page8″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default” presentation:presentation-page-layout-name=”AL3T1″>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr5″ draw:text-style-name=”P1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”25.199cm” svg:height=”2.63cm” svg:x=”1.4cm” svg:y=”0.627cm” presentation:class=”title”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T1″>It could work</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<draw:frame draw:style-name=”gr2″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.608cm” svg:height=”9.134cm” svg:x=”5.695cm” svg:y=”3.684cm” presentation:class=”object”>
<draw:plugin xlink:href=”Media/It Could Work – Young Frankenstein.mp4″ xlink:type=”simple” xlink:show=”embed” xlink:actuate=”onLoad” draw:mime-type=”video/mp4″>
<draw:param draw:name=”Loop” draw:value=”false”/>
<draw:param draw:name=”Mute” draw:value=”false”/>
<draw:param draw:name=”VolumeDB” draw:value=”0″/>
</draw:plugin>
</draw:frame>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”8″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<presentation:settings presentation:mouse-visible=”false”/>
</office:presentation>
</office:body>

Overall, ODP’s XML file is slightly more complex than ODS’ and ODT’s XML files due to the greater complexity of the styles section. However, this is offset by the lower complexity of the content section. Once you understand the logic — the slide number sequence, style descriptions, descriptions of elements that do not fall within the styles and content descriptions — it is fairly easy to read, even for a basic user (and certainly for a developer).

One detail to note is that the names of the images (renamed with a numerical code) and videos (with the same name as the MP4 file) are consistent across the Pictures and Media folders and content.xml to facilitate identification.

The PPTX file

As the seven slide.xml files contain most of the information, I will focus on them. To avoid repetition, I am only publishing slides 5, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8.

SLIDE3.XML

<p:cSld>
<p:spTree>
<p:nvGrpSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”1″ name=””/>
<p:cNvGrpSpPr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvGrpSpPr>
<p:grpSpPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”0″ y=”0″/>
<a:ext cx=”0″ cy=”0″/>
<a:chOff x=”0″ y=”0″/>
<a:chExt cx=”0″ cy=”0″/>
</a:xfrm>
</p:grpSpPr>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”15″ name=”PlaceHolder 1″/>
<p:cNvSpPr>
<a:spLocks noGrp=”1″/>
</p:cNvSpPr>
<p:nvPr>
<p:ph type=”title”/>
</p:nvPr>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”504000″ y=”225720″/>
<a:ext cx=”9071640″ cy=”946800″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:noFill/>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:noFill/>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr lIns=”0″ tIns=”0″ rIns=”0″ bIns=”0″ anchor=”ctr”>
<a:spAutoFit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr indent=”0″ algn=”ctr”>
<a:buNone/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”3600″ b=”1″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Mauris efficitur volutpat dictum</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”16″ name=”PlaceHolder 2″/>
<p:cNvSpPr>
<a:spLocks noGrp=”1″/>
</p:cNvSpPr>
<p:nvPr>
<p:ph/>
</p:nvPr>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”504000″ y=”1437120″/>
<a:ext cx=”9071640″ cy=”3617640″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:noFill/>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:noFill/>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr lIns=”0″ tIns=”0″ rIns=”0″ bIns=”0″ anchor=”t”>
<a:normAutofit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr marL=”432000″ indent=”-324000″>
<a:spcBef>
<a:spcPts val=”1057″/>
</a:spcBef>
<a:buClr>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:buClr>
<a:buSzPct val=”45000″/>
<a:buFont typeface=”Wingdings” charset=”2″/>
<a:buChar char=””/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Praesent tempus sodales lacus at accumsan.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
<a:p>
<a:pPr marL=”432000″ indent=”-324000″>
<a:spcBef>
<a:spcPts val=”1057″/>
</a:spcBef>
<a:buClr>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:buClr>
<a:buSzPct val=”45000″/>
<a:buFont typeface=”Wingdings” charset=”2″/>
<a:buChar char=””/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Pellentesque vel neque rutrum, posuere sapien eget, eleifend leo.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
<a:p>
<a:pPr marL=”432000″ indent=”-324000″>
<a:spcBef>
<a:spcPts val=”1057″/>
</a:spcBef>
<a:buClr>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:buClr>
<a:buSzPct val=”45000″/>
<a:buFont typeface=”Wingdings” charset=”2″/>
<a:buChar char=””/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Proin ut ultricies magna.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
<a:p>
<a:pPr marL=”432000″ indent=”-324000″>
<a:spcBef>
<a:spcPts val=”1057″/>
</a:spcBef>
<a:buClr>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:buClr>
<a:buSzPct val=”45000″/>
<a:buFont typeface=”Wingdings” charset=”2″/>
<a:buChar char=””/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Nulla facilisi.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
<a:p>
<a:pPr marL=”432000″ indent=”-324000″>
<a:spcBef>
<a:spcPts val=”1057″/>
</a:spcBef>
<a:buClr>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:buClr>
<a:buSzPct val=”45000″/>
<a:buFont typeface=”Wingdings” charset=”2″/>
<a:buChar char=””/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Donec sed risus quis tellus facilisis elementum.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
<a:p>
<a:pPr marL=”432000″ indent=”-324000″>
<a:spcBef>
<a:spcPts val=”1057″/>
</a:spcBef>
<a:buClr>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:buClr>
<a:buSzPct val=”45000″/>
<a:buFont typeface=”Wingdings” charset=”2″/>
<a:buChar char=””/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Vivamus sit amet semper nisl, vel tristique mi.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
<a:p>
<a:pPr marL=”432000″ indent=”-324000″>
<a:spcBef>
<a:spcPts val=”1057″/>
</a:spcBef>
<a:buClr>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:buClr>
<a:buSzPct val=”45000″/>
<a:buFont typeface=”Wingdings” charset=”2″/>
<a:buChar char=””/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Aenean lobortis neque in malesuada ornare.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
</p:spTree>
</p:cSld>
<p:clrMapOvr>
<a:masterClrMapping/>
</p:clrMapOvr>
</p:sld>

SLIDE4.XML

<p:cSld>
<p:spTree>
<p:nvGrpSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”1″ name=””/>
<p:cNvGrpSpPr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvGrpSpPr>
<p:grpSpPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”0″ y=”0″/>
<a:ext cx=”0″ cy=”0″/>
<a:chOff x=”0″ y=”0″/>
<a:chExt cx=”0″ cy=”0″/>
</a:xfrm>
</p:grpSpPr>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”17″ name=”PlaceHolder 1″/>
<p:cNvSpPr>
<a:spLocks noGrp=”1″/>
</p:cNvSpPr>
<p:nvPr>
<p:ph type=”title”/>
</p:nvPr>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”504000″ y=”225720″/>
<a:ext cx=”9071640″ cy=”946800″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:noFill/>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:noFill/>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr lIns=”0″ tIns=”0″ rIns=”0″ bIns=”0″ anchor=”ctr”>
<a:spAutoFit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr indent=”0″ algn=”ctr”>
<a:buNone/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”3600″ b=”1″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Proin sed mattis elit</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
<p:graphicFrame>
<p:nvGraphicFramePr>
<p:cNvPr id=”18″ name=”Tabella 17″/>
<p:cNvGraphicFramePr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvGraphicFramePr>
<p:xfrm>
<a:off x=”735120″ y=”1427040″/>
<a:ext cx=”8631000″ cy=”2934720″/>
</p:xfrm>
<a:graphic>
<a:graphicData uri=”http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/table”>
<a:tbl>
<a:tblPr/>
<a:tblGrid>
<a:gridCol w=”4315680″>
<a:extLst>
<a:ext uri=”{9D8B030D-6E8A-4147-A177-3AD203B41FA5}”>
<a16:colId xmlns:a16=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/drawing/2014/main” val=”20000″/>
</a:ext>
</a:extLst>
</a:gridCol>
<a:gridCol w=”4315320″>
<a:extLst>
<a:ext uri=”{9D8B030D-6E8A-4147-A177-3AD203B41FA5}”>
<a16:colId xmlns:a16=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/drawing/2014/main” val=”20001″/>
</a:ext>
</a:extLst>
</a:gridCol>
</a:tblGrid>
<a:tr h=”605880″>
<a:tc>
<a:txBody>
<a:bodyPr/>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr indent=”0″>
<a:buNone/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Aenean ultricies turpis eu erat euismod porta.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</a:txBody>
<a:tcPr marL=”90000″ marR=”90000″ marT=”46800″ marB=”46800″>
<a:lnL w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnL>
<a:lnR w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnR>
<a:lnT w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnT>
<a:lnB w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnB>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”B3B3B3″/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:tcPr>
</a:tc>
<a:tc>
<a:txBody>
<a:bodyPr/>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr indent=”0″>
<a:buNone/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Maecenas nec ullamcorper odio, ac tincidunt metus.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</a:txBody>
<a:tcPr marL=”90000″ marR=”90000″ marT=”46800″ marB=”46800″>
<a:lnL w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnL>
<a:lnR w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnR>
<a:lnT w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnT>
<a:lnB w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnB>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”B3B3B3″/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:tcPr>
</a:tc>
<a:extLst>
<a:ext uri=”{0D108BD9-81ED-4DB2-BD59-A6C34878D82A}”>
<a16:rowId xmlns:a16=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/drawing/2014/main” val=”10000″/>
</a:ext>
</a:extLst>
</a:tr>
<a:tr h=”605880″>
<a:tc>
<a:txBody>
<a:bodyPr/>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr indent=”0″>
<a:buNone/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Duis volutpat sapien at interdum consequat.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</a:txBody>
<a:tcPr marL=”90000″ marR=”90000″ marT=”46800″ marB=”46800″>
<a:lnL w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnL>
<a:lnR w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnR>
<a:lnT w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnT>
<a:lnB w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnB>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”CCCCCC”/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:tcPr>
</a:tc>
<a:tc>
<a:txBody>
<a:bodyPr/>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr indent=”0″>
<a:buNone/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Donec vel semper nisl.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</a:txBody>
<a:tcPr marL=”90000″ marR=”90000″ marT=”46800″ marB=”46800″>
<a:lnL w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnL>
<a:lnR w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnR>
<a:lnT w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnT>
<a:lnB w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnB>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”CCCCCC”/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:tcPr>
</a:tc>
<a:extLst>
<a:ext uri=”{0D108BD9-81ED-4DB2-BD59-A6C34878D82A}”>
<a16:rowId xmlns:a16=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/drawing/2014/main” val=”10001″/>
</a:ext>
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</a:tr>
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<a:t>Sed scelerisque odio non justo suscipit congue.</a:t>
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<a:t>Maecenas convallis quis neque at elementum.</a:t>
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<a:t>In fringilla tortor id orci porttitor, a euismod velit molestie.</a:t>
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SLIDE6.XML

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SLIDE7.XML

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<a:t>Nullam ac laoreet orci</a:t>
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<a:ext cx=”1443240″ cy=”1117080″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:style>
<a:lnRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:lnRef>
<a:fillRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:fillRef>
<a:effectRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:effectRef>
<a:fontRef idx=”minor”/>
</p:style>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr wrap=”none” lIns=”90000″ tIns=”45000″ rIns=”90000″ bIns=”45000″ anchor=”ctr”>
<a:noAutofit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:endParaRPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”1800″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Arial”/>
</a:endParaRPr>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”31″ name=”Rettangolo 30″/>
<p:cNvSpPr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”720720″ y=”1275480″/>
<a:ext cx=”1443240″ cy=”1117440″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FF0000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:style>
<a:lnRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:lnRef>
<a:fillRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:fillRef>
<a:effectRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:effectRef>
<a:fontRef idx=”minor”/>
</p:style>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr wrap=”none” lIns=”90000″ tIns=”45000″ rIns=”90000″ bIns=”45000″ anchor=”ctr”>
<a:noAutofit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:endParaRPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”1800″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Arial”/>
</a:endParaRPr>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”32″ name=”Rettangolo 31″/>
<p:cNvSpPr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”3119760″ y=”1275480″/>
<a:ext cx=”1442880″ cy=”1117440″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”00FF00″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:style>
<a:lnRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:lnRef>
<a:fillRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:fillRef>
<a:effectRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:effectRef>
<a:fontRef idx=”minor”/>
</p:style>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr wrap=”none” lIns=”90000″ tIns=”45000″ rIns=”90000″ bIns=”45000″ anchor=”ctr”>
<a:noAutofit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:endParaRPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”1800″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Arial”/>
</a:endParaRPr>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”33″ name=”Rettangolo 32″/>
<p:cNvSpPr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”5518800″ y=”1260000″/>
<a:ext cx=”1442880″ cy=”1117440″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”0000FF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:style>
<a:lnRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:lnRef>
<a:fillRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:fillRef>
<a:effectRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:effectRef>
<a:fontRef idx=”minor”/>
</p:style>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr wrap=”none” lIns=”90000″ tIns=”45000″ rIns=”90000″ bIns=”45000″ anchor=”ctr”>
<a:noAutofit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:endParaRPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”1800″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Arial”/>
</a:endParaRPr>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”34″ name=”Rettangolo 33″/>
<p:cNvSpPr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”7916760″ y=”1275480″/>
<a:ext cx=”1443240″ cy=”1117440″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:style>
<a:lnRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:lnRef>
<a:fillRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:fillRef>
<a:effectRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:effectRef>
<a:fontRef idx=”minor”/>
</p:style>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr wrap=”none” lIns=”90000″ tIns=”45000″ rIns=”90000″ bIns=”45000″ anchor=”ctr”>
<a:noAutofit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:endParaRPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”1800″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Arial”/>
</a:endParaRPr>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
</p:spTree>
</p:cSld>

SLIDE8:XLS

<p:cSld>
<p:spTree>
<p:nvGrpSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”1″ name=””/>
<p:cNvGrpSpPr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvGrpSpPr>
<p:grpSpPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”0″ y=”0″/>
<a:ext cx=”0″ cy=”0″/>
<a:chOff x=”0″ y=”0″/>
<a:chExt cx=”0″ cy=”0″/>
</a:xfrm>
</p:grpSpPr>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”35″ name=”PlaceHolder 1″/>
<p:cNvSpPr>
<a:spLocks noGrp=”1″/>
</p:cNvSpPr>
<p:nvPr>
<p:ph type=”title”/>
</p:nvPr>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”504000″ y=”225720″/>
<a:ext cx=”9071640″ cy=”946800″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:noFill/>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:noFill/>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr lIns=”0″ tIns=”0″ rIns=”0″ bIns=”0″ anchor=”ctr”>
<a:spAutoFit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr indent=”0″ algn=”ctr”>
<a:buNone/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”3600″ b=”1″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>It could work</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
<p:pic>
<p:nvPicPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”36″ name=”Immagine 35″>
<a:hlinkClick r:id=”” action=”ppaction://media”/>
</p:cNvPr>
<p:cNvPicPr/>
<p:nvPr>
<a:videoFile r:link=”rId2″/>
<p:extLst>
<p:ext uri=”{DAA4B4D4-6D71-4841-9C94-3DE7FCFB9230}”>
<p14:media xmlns:p14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/powerpoint/2010/main” r:embed=”rId1″/>
</p:ext>
</p:extLst>
</p:nvPr>
</p:nvPicPr>
<p:blipFill>
<a:blip r:embed=”rId4″/>
<a:stretch>
<a:fillRect/>
</a:stretch>
</p:blipFill>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”2050200″ y=”1326240″/>
<a:ext cx=”5978880″ cy=”3288240″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:noFill/>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
</p:pic>
</p:spTree>
</p:cSld>

In the case of PPTX files, the unnecessary complexity is therefore multiplied by the number of slides, and by other factors:

Despite using an English operating system and browser, Microsoft 365 has decided to use Italian, randomly inserting Italian terms into the XML files. For example, the video on slide 8 is labelled ‘Immagine 35’ (why not ‘Video 35’, which would be more accurate?), and the boxes on slide 7 are labelled ‘Rettangolo 22’ (and so on). What would happen if a German user received and saved the presentation? Would the terms “immagine” and “rettangolo” be translated into German, or would they remain in Italian?
The placeholders for images and videos do not match the file names in the media folder. Despite searching through all the XML files, I couldn’t find the string “video1.mp4”, which the video was renamed to in the media folder, nor a reference to the placeholder “Immagine 35” used in the slide8.xml file. The problem is not the file name itself, but the fact that it is impossible for an average user to trace the file due to a lack of correspondence. I am sure that the correspondence is defined in some (extremely cryptic) way because I cannot imagine every PC independently deciding that, wherever “Immagine 35” appears, “video1.mp4” must be displayed. This would go beyond any form of artificial intelligence.
In some cases, the XML tags are incomprehensible and contain serious errors. For instance, in the case of green fill colours, the tag is <a:srgbClr val=”00FF00″>, which clearly references the RGB colour model despite the value being hexadecimal. The content.xml file of the ODP file correctly uses the tag <draw:fill-colour=”#00FF00″>. While “draw:fill-colour” is fairly understandable, “a:srgbClr val” is much less so (and is also incorrect). Moreover, why would there be an “a:” prefix in a programme called PowerPoint? Perhaps because the developer was called Dennis Austin? Why not use “f:” for Forethought then, the company from which Microsoft purchased the software? I’m just joking, of course.
…

I hope no one has the courage to argue that all these complexities and oddities are essential for displaying the slides correctly, not to mention the errors. For example, why is there an XML file for each slide? Why are there Italian terms in an XML file? Why RGB colour when it is hexadecimal? I’ve been waiting years for a convincing answer, but I still haven’t received one. Perhaps I will get one this time.

Conclusions

Once again, comparing the XML schemas of ODP and PPTX files highlights the unnecessarily complex structure of the latter, given that there is no reason why each slide should have a separate XML file. There is also no reason for the internal structure of PPTX files to differ from that of DOCX files, which in turn differs from that of XLSX files.

As I have explained many times, the reality is what I have described here, without going into technical detail. Microsoft has created a file format that does not respond to the concept of a standard in any way. It is unnecessarily complex and creative, both in terms of the internal structure of the files and the XML schema, including the tags, which are not intuitive, unlike those used by ODF files.

Best practices for the effective use of XML tags recommend the use of clear tag names that describe the enclosed content and the maintenance of consistency in this tagging scheme. In the case of document formats, this means that once a set of XML tags has been defined, they should be used consistently throughout (i.e. the same tags should be used in all files). This is the opposite of what happens with the proprietary OOXML format, which is designed to force users to remain tied to Microsoft 365 (and, previously, to Microsoft Office in its various versions).

ODF, on the other hand, complies with XML best practices, giving developers and users full control over their content, including privacy protection, proper management of sensitive data and the ability to decide what to share and with whom.

ODF is the open, standard document format that we should all use, but only a minority do due to a lack of knowledge about the reality of the OOXML format, and because too many users place messianic trust in Microsoft. This means they remain “handcuffed” to proprietary software.

Release of LibreOffice 25.8.2

2025-10-092025-10-09

Berlin, 9 October 2025 – LibreOffice 25.8.2, the second minor release of the free, volunteer-supported office suite for personal productivity in office environments, is now available on our download page for Windows, macOS and Linux.

This release includes over 60 bug and regression fixes over LibreOffice 25.8 [1] to enhance the software’s stability and robustness. It also solves several interoperability issues with the proprietary Microsoft Office/365 document format and improves the user interface and file opening and saving processes.

LibreOffice is the only office suite with a feature set comparable to the market leader. It also offers a range of interface options to suit all user habits, from traditional to modern, and makes the most of different screen form factors by optimising the space available on the desktop to put the maximum number of features just a click or two away.

LibreOffice 25.8.2 is available at www.libreoffice.org/download/.

For users who don’t need the latest features and prefer a version that has undergone more testing and bug fixing, The Document Foundation maintains the LibreOffice 25.2 family, which includes several months of back-ported fixes. The current release is LibreOffice 25.2.6.

The Document Foundation does not provide technical support for users, although they can get it from volunteers on user mailing lists and the Ask LibreOffice website: ask.libreoffice.org

LibreOffice users, free software advocates and community members can support the Document Foundation by making a donation on our donate page.

[1] Fixes in RC1: wiki.documentfoundation.org/Releases/25.8.2/RC1. Fixes in RC2: wiki.documentfoundation.org/Releases/25.8.2/RC2.

LibreOffice 64-bit progress, and support for Amazon Linux 2023

2025-10-092025-10-09

LibreOffice has been available for Linux since we started the project in 2010. The official builds from The Document Foundation (the non-profit entity behind LibreOffice) are designed to be self-contained and distribution agnostic – that is, they should work on as many distributions as possible.

To achieve this, we test on various Linux distributions, and now we consider Amazon Linux 2023 as another platform supported by LibreOffice. Amazon has provided resources for regular and automated CI (continuous integration) testing of LibreOffice builds against Amazon Linux 2023, including crash-testing runs, via the AWS Open Source Credits programme.

As part of this, and for the general benefit of other users, TDF has started to provide 64-bit ARM Linux builds (aarch64) in RPM format. We’ve worked on improving 64-bit ARM support for various platforms in recent years, including for Windows and on Apple silicon Macs, given that the chips are becoming increasingly used in desktops and servers.

64-bit ARM chips commonly power cloud infrastructure, where LibreOffice is often used in headless (non-GUI) tasks, such as batch conversions of large numbers of documents. But some users run LibreOffice graphically too. With the updates we’ve been working on, LibreOffice is now available on more infrastructure and can be deployed on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2). If there’s anything else users would like to see, submit an enhancement request and let us know!

LibreOffice project and community recap: September 2025

2025-10-07

Here’s our summary of updates, events and activities in the LibreOffice project in the last four weeks – click the links to learn more…

At the start of the month, the LibreOffice Conference 2025 took place in Budapest, Hungary. We had talks, workshops, fun social events and more. Thanks to all who attended 😊 See the schedule for information about the talks (and links to the slides, where available).

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Also towards the start of September, we announced LibreOffice 25.2.6, the sixth minor update to the previous branch of the suite.

LibreOffice’s documentation is available in many languages thanks to our worldwide community of translators. The Czech team announced their translation of the Calc Guide 25.2 – excellent work!

The Annual Report of The Document Foundation describes the foundation’s activities and projects, especially in regard to LibreOffice and the Document Liberation Project. We’ve been posting sections of the 2024 report here on the blog, and now the full version is available.

Companies around the world use LibreOffice to reduce costs, improve their privacy, and free themselves from dependence on single vendors. We talked to Flotte Karotte, a German company with 50 employees that recently made a generous donation to support the LibreOffice project and community.

In other event news, planning took place for the Open Source Conference 2025 in Luxembourg and we provided an overview of the LibreOffice-related talks.

We spoke to Devansh Varshney, who added histogram chart support to LibreOffice and is working on improvements to the Basic IDE.

Next, our Nepalese community reported back on their Software Freedom Day 2025 event. They had a talk about the importance of open formats, and a fun game too.

LibreOffice turned 15 years old in September! This is a milestone not only for the software itself, but also for the global movement that it represents.

And finally, we wrapped up September with a report on the Austrian Military moving 16,000 PCs from Microsoft Office to LibreOffice.

Keep in touch – follow us on Mastodon, X (formerly Twitter), Bluesky, Reddit and Facebook. Like what we do? Support our community with a donation – or join our community and help to make LibreOffice even better!

🇨🇺 LibreOffice in Latin America: heading to Havana for the 2025 Latin American Congress

2025-10-06

From October 6 to 9, Havana, Cuba, will host the Latin American LibreOffice 2025 Conference, a meeting that will bring together contributors, developers, universities, and governments from the region to celebrate and strengthen free software.

This year, the Latin American conference will be held as part of the IV International Congress on Digital Transformation (Cibersociedad 2025) in Havana, Cuba. This integration reinforces LibreOffice’s crucial role in the digital transformation of Latin American communities, promoting open innovation, technological sovereignty, and collaboration between countries.

The event will take place at the iconic Hotel Nacional de Cuba and will feature an intense program of lectures, panels, and workshops dedicated to LibreOffice, its communities, and institutional adoption initiatives.

🌍 A meeting that connects communities and governments

The opening ceremony will pay tribute to Cuban volunteer Carlos Parra, who passed away in 2022.

It was thanks to his dedication, articulation, and love for the community that the opportunity arose to hold the Latin American LibreOffice Congress in Cuba—a dream he helped make possible.

Carlos was the link between the Cuban community and The Document Foundation, and his contribution will remain as a legacy of collaboration and commitment to digital freedom.

During the event, Adlair Cerecedo-Méndez will present the experience of Office GobMX, the LibreOffice-based suite developed by the Mexican government. Other highlights include the panel “LibreOffice is freedom,” with Olivier Hallot, founding member of The Document Foundation and Documentation Coordinator for the LibreOffice Project, as well as discussions on government migration, extensions, technical quality, and the rebirth of the Cuban community — with participation from Gustavo Pacheco (Brazil), Mauricio Baeza (Mexico), and Xisco Faulí (Spain).

🧑‍🏫 Training and academic innovation

At the University of Information Sciences (UCI), the event will open space for young people and educators with the “LibreOffice and Universities” lab, led by Gustavo Pacheco, and the “Creating my first extension” workshop, conducted by Mauricio Baeza — a practical opportunity for those who want to learn how to expand LibreOffice and contribute technically to the project.

💬 Regional meetings and plans for 2026

The congress will close with meetings between Latin American members of the LibreOffice community, addressing:

the 2026 events calendar (including esLibre and the next Latin American Congress);
academic projects such as Google Summer of Code and Outreachy;
and new partnerships with other free software communities, such as GNOME Latam.

These sessions reflect the collective commitment to strengthening collaboration between countries and consolidating a more active presence for Latin America within The Document Foundation.

💪 An event driven by volunteers

The Congreso Latinoamericano de LibreOffice is an event organized entirely by volunteers, who dedicate their time, energy, and knowledge to make this initiative possible. Our special recognition and thanks go to Daniel Rodriguez (Argentina), Gastón Hannay (Uruguay), Omar Correa (Cuba), Gustavo Pacheco (Brazil), and Juan González (Mexico), who have been working tirelessly to make every detail of this edition possible.

We also express our sincere gratitude to the University of Computer Sciences (UCI) and the Cibersociedad 2025 organization for opening their doors and sharing their infrastructure—including rooms, laboratories, and technical support—making it possible to hold the Latin American LibreOffice Congress within their event.

This partnership reinforces the spirit of academic collaboration and the joint commitment to digital transformation in Latin America.

The Document Foundation (TDF), in its mission to promote LibreOffice and strengthen its global community, supports and sponsors these activities, enabling the participation of volunteers from different countries.

This support allows members of the Latin American community to meet in person, exchange experiences, and strengthen the international collaboration that sustains the project.

🌎 Freedom, collaboration, and the future

The LibreOffice Latin American Congress in Cuba is more than a technical event—it is a reunion of the Latin American community, united by ideals of freedom, solidarity, and technological sovereignty.

LibreOffice is, above all, a project made by people, for people. And this congress is living proof that collaboration can cross borders, languages, and generations.

📅 Date: October 6-9, 2025

📍 Location: Hotel Nacional de Cuba – Havana

🌐 More information: latam.conference.libreoffice.org

The artificial complexity of OOXML files (the DOCX case)

2025-10-032025-10-03

The complexity of the OOXML format is linked to its design and was deliberately created to make the format more difficult for non-Microsoft software developers to implement. Compatibility issues are caused by a veritable “maze” of tags used even for the simplest content, which binds users to the Microsoft ecosystem in the first example of standard-based lock-in.

The DOCX case

To demonstrate the difference in complexity between the XML schemas of Writer and Word text documents in the ODF and OOXML formats, I used two classic English theatre plays: William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest. I downloaded the text versions of these works from Project Gutenberg — a library of classic texts for which US copyright has expired — and deleted the introductions and conclusions added by Project Gutenberg, without making any other changes.

I then repeated this process for both documents.

I copied all the text and pasted it, without any formatting, into two newly created blank documents. For Writer, I used the template that I usually use for unstructured documents; for Word, I did not use a template. This means that, in Writer, the XML schema contains information about the template (margins, paragraph and font formatting), but this does not increase its complexity.

To perform the analysis, I duplicated and renamed the two files, replacing the original extension with “ZIP”, and then decompressed them to create two folders containing all the files of the respective XML schemas.

The LibreOffice folder contained three subfolders and six files with the same names as those in the ODS file examined last week, as would be expected of a standard aiming to simplify life for developers and users. All the content is actually in the content.xml file, while the other files contain instructions for displaying the text document correctly.

The Microsoft 365 folder contains three subfolders and the [Content_Types].xml file, as with the XLSX file examined last week. One of the subfolders has a different name, but this is related to the application and does not increase complexity. Opening the [Content_Types].xml file provides information about the other files, including those in the subfolders.

In this case, the content is in the document.xml file inside the Word folder, which contains folders and files that differ completely from those in the XLSX file. Again, there is no technical reason for this difference in the XML schemas of the two files other than to make their internal structures different and more complex.

Let’s now analyse William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and then Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest.

Here is the PDF of Hamlet:

hamlet

The difference in complexity between the document.xml and content.xml files is striking when you compare their lengths: the content.xml file has 6,802 lines, while the document.xml file has 60,245 lines, compared to a text document of 5,566 lines.

Let us now compare the two files’ XML schemas from the beginning to the end of the introduction.

CONTENT.XML

<office:body>
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<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>THE TRAGEDY OF HAMLET, PRINCE OF DENMARK</text:p>
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<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>by William Shakespeare</text:p>
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<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Contents</text:p>
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<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>ACT I</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene I. Elsinore. A platform before the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene II. Elsinore. A room of state in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene III. A room in Polonius’s house</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene IV. The platform</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene V. A more remote part of the Castle</text:p>
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<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>ACT II</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene I. A room in Polonius’s house</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene II. A room in the Castle</text:p>
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<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>ACT III</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene I. A room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene II. A hall in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene III. A room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene IV. Another room in the Castle</text:p>
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<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>ACT IV</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene I. A room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene II. Another room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene III. Another room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene IV. A plain in Denmark</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene V. Elsinore. A room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:soft-page-break/><text:s/>Scene VI. Another room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene VII. Another room in the Castle</text:p>
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<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>ACT V</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene I. A churchyard</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene II. A hall in the Castle</text:p>
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<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Dramatis Personæ</text:p>
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<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>HAMLET, Prince of Denmark</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>CLAUDIUS, King of Denmark, Hamlet’s uncle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>The GHOST of the late king, Hamlet’s father</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>GERTRUDE, the Queen, Hamlet’s mother, now wife of Claudius</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>POLONIUS, Lord Chamberlain</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>LAERTES, Son to Polonius</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>OPHELIA, Daughter to Polonius</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>HORATIO, Friend to Hamlet</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>FORTINBRAS, Prince of Norway</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>VOLTEMAND, Courtier</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>CORNELIUS, Courtier</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ROSENCRANTZ, Courtier</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>GUILDENSTERN, Courtier</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>MARCELLUS, Officer</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>BARNARDO, Officer</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>FRANCISCO, a Soldier</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>OSRIC, Courtier</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>REYNALDO, Servant to Polonius</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Players</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>A Gentleman, Courtier</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>A Priest</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:soft-page-break/>Two Clowns, Grave-diggers</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>A Captain</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>English Ambassadors.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Lords, Ladies, Officers, Soldiers, Sailors, Messengers, and Attendants</text:p>

It is a reasonably complex XML file. After the initial instructions on the sequence of content, the text of the tragedy can easily be located alongside the sequence of the five acts and the descriptions of the dramatis personae.

DOCUMENT.XML

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<w:t>THE TRAGEDY OF HAMLET, PRINCE OF DENMARK</w:t>
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<w:t>by William Shakespeare</w:t>
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<w:t>ACT I</w:t>
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<w:t>ACT II</w:t>
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<w:t>ACT V</w:t>
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<w:rPr/>
<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”557F5426″ wp14:textId=”05194972″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”011BF8B2″ wp14:textId=”175BE494″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”4BB65B79″ wp14:textId=”7256A412″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”1EEEFC18″ wp14:textId=”2D4F2D20″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Dramatis Personæ</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”69D361D6″ wp14:textId=”0A66ADE7″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”7198BA63″ wp14:textId=”0ECB601B”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>HAMLET, Prince of Denmark</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”7A30698D” wp14:textId=”2A3EE787″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>CLAUDIUS, King of Denmark, Hamlet’s uncle</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”7D437DFF” wp14:textId=”0C3AFC43″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>The GHOST of the late king, Hamlet’s father</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”663C7E0E” wp14:textId=”4F1E93F2″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>GERTRUDE, the Queen, Hamlet’s mother, now wife of Claudius</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”1EE14B03″ wp14:textId=”567F43B4″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>POLONIUS, Lord Chamberlain</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”7A4F8A78″ wp14:textId=”39759F7E”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>LAERTES, Son to Polonius</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”11E371D7″ wp14:textId=”36CD515A”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>OPHELIA, Daughter to Polonius</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”2D438C1E” wp14:textId=”7211E8E5″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>HORATIO, Friend to Hamlet</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”4E6B50D6″ wp14:textId=”559117D7″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>FORTINBRAS, Prince of Norway</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”1B5B4955″ wp14:textId=”599A64FC”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>VOLTEMAND, Courtier</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”32BA9096″ wp14:textId=”6E8C2728″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>CORNELIUS, Courtier</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”60FD9B45″ wp14:textId=”2F2E3956″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>ROSENCRANTZ, Courtier</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”0CC7985B” wp14:textId=”56DED383″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>GUILDENSTERN, Courtier</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”775EA68F” wp14:textId=”089F9982″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>MARCELLUS, Officer</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”4E2AEAC2″ wp14:textId=”34855F77″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>BARNARDO, Officer</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”6DB5A437″ wp14:textId=”146C2E48″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>FRANCISCO, a Soldier</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”389BDBAC” wp14:textId=”0B30EC2E”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>OSRIC, Courtier</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”12730B2E” wp14:textId=”60DC1BFE”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>REYNALDO, Servant to Polonius</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”7FA85C5A” wp14:textId=”3D66976B”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Players</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”2F38E070″ wp14:textId=”309A60BF”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>A Gentleman, Courtier</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”53493710″ wp14:textId=”48B3D2A5″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>A Priest</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”611C5F94″ wp14:textId=”22FB27D4″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Two Clowns, Grave-diggers</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”577DC4BA” wp14:textId=”2FD3CAA0″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>A Captain</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”0BAF6209″ wp14:textId=”35658011″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>English Ambassadors.</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”260F5D8D” wp14:textId=”0FC10ABC”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Lords, Ladies, Officers, Soldiers, Sailors, Messengers, and Attendants</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>

This XML file contains a lot of repetition. Is it really necessary to include the same information about the schema and style for every line of content, including empty ones? I doubt it personally, but since I am not a technician, I am willing to listen to reasons from those who argue that this content is essential and not artificial complexity.

Let’s see if the same thing happens with Oscar Wilde’s ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’. Here is the PDF:

earnest

In this case, the artificial complexity of the Word document is less apparent, as the content.xml file has 3,974 lines compared to a text document of 3,885 lines, and the document.xml file has 8,610 lines. Therefore, we have gone from a file that is almost ten times longer in terms of the number of lines to a file that is just over twice as long. This difference can be explained by comparing the first lines of the two files’ XML schemas (only those with content).

CONTENT.XML

<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>The Importance of Being Earnest</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>A Trivial Comedy for Serious People</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>THE PERSONS IN THE PLAY</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>John Worthing, J.P.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Algernon Moncrieff</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Rev. Canon Chasuble, D.D.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Merriman, Butler</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Lane, Manservant</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Lady Bracknell</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Hon. Gwendolen Fairfax</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Cecily Cardew</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Miss Prism, Governess</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>THE SCENES OF THE PLAY</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ACT I. Algernon Moncrieff’s Flat in Half-Moon Street, W.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ACT II. The Garden at the Manor House, Woolton.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ACT III. Drawing-Room at the Manor House, Woolton.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>TIME: The Present.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>LONDON: ST. JAMES’S THEATRE</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Lessee and Manager: Mr. George Alexander</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>February 14th, 1895</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>John Worthing, J.P.: Mr. George Alexander.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Algernon Moncrieff: Mr. Allen Aynesworth.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Rev. Canon Chasuble, D.D.: Mr. H. H. Vincent.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Merriman: Mr. Frank Dyall.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Lane: Mr. F. Kinsey Peile.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Lady Bracknell: Miss Rose Leclercq.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Hon. Gwendolen Fairfax: Miss Irene Vanbrugh.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Cecily Cardew: Miss Evelyn Millard.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Miss Prism: Mrs. George Canninge.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>FIRST ACT</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>SCENE</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Morning-room in Algernon’s flat in Half-Moon Street. The room is</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>luxuriously and artistically furnished. The sound of a piano is heard</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>in the adjoining room.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>[Lane is arranging afternoon tea on the table, and after the music has</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ceased, Algernon enters.]</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ALGERNON.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Did you hear what I was playing, Lane?</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>LANE.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>I didn’t think it polite to listen, sir.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:soft-page-break/>ALGERNON.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>I’m sorry for that, for your sake. I don’t play accurately—any one can</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>play accurately—but I play with wonderful expression. As far as the</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>piano is concerned, sentiment is my forte. I keep science for Life.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>LANE.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Yes, sir.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ALGERNON.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>And, speaking of the science of Life, have you got the cucumber</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>sandwiches cut for Lady Bracknell?</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>LANE.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Yes, sir. [Hands them on a salver.]</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ALGERNON.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>[Inspects them, takes two, and sits down on the sofa.] Oh! . . . by the</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>way, Lane, I see from your book that on Thursday night, when Lord</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Shoreman and Mr. Worthing were dining with me, eight bottles of</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>champagne are entered as having been consumed.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>LANE.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Yes, sir; eight bottles and a pint.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ALGERNON.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Why is it that at a bachelor’s establishment the servants invariably</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>drink the champagne? I ask merely for information.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>LANE.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>I attribute it to the superior quality of the wine, sir. I have often</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>observed that in married households the champagne is rarely of a</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>first-rate brand.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:soft-page-break/>ALGERNON.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Good heavens! Is marriage so demoralising as that?</text:p>

DOCUMENT.XML

<w:t>The Importance of Being Earnest</w:t>
<w:t>A Trivial Comedy for Serious People</w:t>
<w:t>THE PERSONS IN THE PLAY</w:t>
<w:t>John Worthing, J.P. Algernon Moncrieff Rev. Canon Chasuble, D.D. Merriman, Butler Lane, Manservant Lady Bracknell Hon. Gwendolen Fairfax Cecily Cardew Miss Prism, Governess</w:t>
<w:t>THE SCENES OF THE PLAY</w:t>
<w:t>ACT I. Algernon Moncrieff’s Flat in Half-Moon Street, W.</w:t>
<w:t>ACT II. The Garden at the Manor House, Woolton.</w:t>
<w:t>ACT III. Drawing-Room at the Manor House, Woolton.</w:t>
<w:t>TIME: The Present.</w:t>
<w:t>LONDON: ST. JAMES’S THEATRE</w:t>
<w:t>Lessee and Manager: Mr. George Alexander</w:t>
<w:t>February 14th, 1895</w:t>
<w:t>John Worthing, J.P.: Mr. George Alexander. Algernon Moncrieff: Mr. Allen Aynesworth. Rev. Canon Chasuble, D.D.: Mr. H. H. Vincent. Merriman: Mr. Frank Dyall. Lane: Mr. F. Kinsey Peile. Lady Bracknell: Miss Rose Leclercq. Hon. Gwendolen Fairfax: Miss Irene Vanbrugh. Cecily Cardew: Miss Evelyn Millard. Miss Prism: Mrs. George Canninge.</w:t>
<w:t>FIRST ACT</w:t>
<w:t>SCENE</w:t>
<w:t>Morning-room in Algernon’s flat in Half-Moon Street. The room is luxuriously and artistically furnished. The sound of a piano is heard in the adjoining room.</w:t>
<w:t>[Lane is arranging afternoon tea on the table, and after the music has ceased, Algernon enters.]</w:t>
<w:t>ALGERNON. Did you hear what I was playing, Lane?</w:t>
<w:t>LANE. I didn’t think it polite to listen, sir.</w:t>
<w:t>ALGERNON. I’m sorry for that, for your sake. I don’t play accurately—any one can play accurately—but I play with wonderful expression. As far as the piano is concerned, sentiment is my forte. I keep science for Life.</w:t>
<w:t>LANE. Yes, sir.</w:t>
<w:t>ALGERNON. And, speaking of the science of Life, have you got the cucumber sandwiches cut for Lady Bracknell?</w:t>
<w:t>LANE. Yes, sir. [Hands them on a salver.]</w:t>
<w:t>ALGERNON. [Inspects them, takes two, and sits down on the sofa.] Oh! . . . by the way, Lane, I see from your book that on Thursday night, when Lord Shoreman and Mr. Worthing were dining with me, eight bottles of champagne are entered as having been consumed.</w:t>
<w:t>LANE. Yes, sir; eight bottles and a pint.</w:t>
<w:t>ALGERNON. Why is it that at a bachelor’s establishment the servants invariably drink the champagne? I ask merely for information.</w:t>
<w:t>LANE. I attribute it to the superior quality of the wine, sir. I have often observed that in married households the champagne is rarely of a first-rate brand.</w:t>
<w:t>ALGERNON. Good heavens! Is marriage so demoralising as that?</w:t>

While the content.xml file retains all the line breaks (hard returns) of the text document, the document.xml file “reinterprets” the text, reconstructing all the paragraphs even when this makes no sense, as with lists of characters and the actors who play them. It also adds punctuation that does not exist in the text file, such as commas to replace hard returns. This is why the file is shorter than the “Hamlet” file, but it introduces an arbitrary “simplification” that does not respect the original document.

Until today, I was convinced that the XML schema of OOXML files was unnecessarily complex for the reasons I have explained at length on several occasions. However, it is not only unnecessarily complex, but also unnecessarily “creative” (always complicating the lives of developers and users).

Conclusions

Unfortunately, the reality is what I have explained several times, without going into technical detail. This has been confirmed by more technical analyses of XLSX and DOCX files, and I believe it will also be confirmed by next week’s PPTX file analysis. Microsoft has created an unnecessarily complex and incomprehensibly creative file format, which complicates the lives of developers and users more than I thought.

Indeed, while it is challenging to manage artificial complexity, it is arguably impossible to manage “creativity” that reinterprets the contents of a document by inventing paragraphs where it might make sense — albeit with a faithful format — and where it makes no sense, as with lists.

Perhaps, in my personal opinion, “creativity” was introduced to make it difficult for companies based in countries where reverse engineering is not illegal to emulate the OOXML format, as I don’t believe “creative” reverse engineering is possible, even with the help of AI.

Users should protect their rights by choosing an open standard format, such as ODF, which gives them control over their content and everything that this entails, including privacy protection, proper management of sensitive data and the ability to decide what to share and with whom.

This is a format whose development process, characteristics, and version are known; whose description corresponds to what happens on the user’s PC; and which faithfully reproduces the contents of the displayed document. It is a format that enables even less experienced users to identify and, in many cases, solve problems.

In short, it is the only open and standard document format that we would all like to have, but which only a minority use due to a lack of knowledge about the reality of the OOXML format, and the messianic trust that too many users place in Microsoft. This leads them to believe that there cannot be a commercial strategy behind a document format that is hostile to users’ interests.

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