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Author: Italo Vignoli

The artificial complexity of OOXML files (the PPTX case)

This is the third and final post on the topic of the artificial complexity of the OOXML format. This complexity is the result of careful design aimed at preventing interoperability. Developers have to deal with a veritable “maze” of tags, even for the simplest content. This binds users to the Microsoft ecosystem, providing the first example of standard-based lock-in.

The PPTX case

To demonstrate the difference in complexity between Impress and PowerPoint XML schemas in ODF and OOXML formats, I created a simple eight-slide presentation summarising the most common types: title and subtitle, centred text, bulleted list, table, vector image, photo, colour graphics and video. I created the same file using both software programmes, starting from a basic template without a background to prevent interference with the slide format and, consequently, the XML schema.

This is the PDF file of the presentation (the first seven slides are identical, while the video on the last slide is replaced by a static image):

slidelo

To perform the analysis, I duplicated and renamed the two files, replacing the original extension with ‘ZIP’, and then unzipped them to create two folders containing all the files from their respective XML schemas.

The LibreOffice folder is very similar to the one created by Calc and Writer, containing five subfolders – three of which are identical to those of the ODS and ODT files – and five files. manifest.rdf is missing, but all the others are present and have the same characteristics. The Media and Pictures folders were added to contain multimedia content and images. Once again, all the content is located in the content.xml file, while the other files contain instructions for displaying the slides correctly and for displaying elements other than text.

Therefore, despite the diversity of the three applications (Calc, Writer and Impress), we are faced with an extremely consistent internal file structure, as one would expect from a standard that aims to simplify life for users and developers. This consistency is a key benefit and simplifies the reproducibility of the standard format.

The Microsoft 365 folder contains three subfolders and the [Content_Types].xml file, as with the XLSX and DOCX files examined in the last two weeks. One of the folders has a different name, but this relates to the application and does not increase complexity. Opening the ‘[Content_Types].xml’ file provides information about the other files, including those in the subfolders.

In this case, the content is located in eight slide*.xml files (where the asterisk is a sequential number) inside the slide folder within the ppt folder. These folders and files are completely different to those in the XLSX and DOCX files, but information relevant to displaying slides on screen is scattered throughout them. Again, there are no technical reasons for the differences in the XML schemas of the three files other than to make their internal structures more complex. This unnecessary complexity is also reflected in the XML files describing the contents of the presentation.

The ODP file

As with ODS and ODT files, the content.xml file is divided into two parts: the description of styles, which varies depending on the number and characteristics of the styles used in the document; and the description of the content itself, which varies depending on its length. In the case of a presentation, the style description can be extremely detailed and quite long if the slides contain different elements, as in the document I created for this comparison.

To avoid repetition, I extracted the first part of the content.xml file and simplified the style descriptions where they were repetitive (e.g. slide 7, where each coloured box corresponds to a style). In all these cases, I removed the less significant descriptions, leaving only the most detailed one.

The sequence is as follows: slide style; graphic element style (specifically, the red box on slide 7); title style; table, column, row and cell style; paragraph style; text style; and bullet point style.

CONTENT.XML (style description).

<office:automatic-styles>
<style:style style:name=”dp1″ style:family=”drawing-page”>
<style:drawing-page-properties presentation:background-visible=”true” presentation:background-objects-visible=”true” presentation:display-footer=”true” presentation:display-page-number=”false” presentation:display-date-time=”true”/>
</style:style>
<style:style style:name=”gr4″ style:family=”graphic” style:parent-style-name=”standard”>
<style:graphic-properties svg:stroke-color=”#000000″ draw:fill-color=”#ff0000″ draw:textarea-horizontal-align=”justify” draw:textarea-vertical-align=”middle” draw:auto-grow-height=”false” fo:min-height=”2.854cm” fo:min-width=”3.509cm” loext:decorative=”false”/>
</style:style>
<style:style style:name=”pr1″ style:family=”presentation” style:parent-style-name=”Default-title”>
<style:graphic-properties fo:min-height=”2.63cm” loext:decorative=”false”/>
<style:paragraph-properties style:writing-mode=”lr-tb”/>
</style:style>
<style:style style:name=”co1″ style:family=”table-column”>
<style:table-column-properties style:column-width=”11.988cm” style:use-optimal-column-width=”false”/>
</style:style>
<style:style style:name=”ro1″ style:family=”table-row”>
<style:table-row-properties style:row-height=”1.683cm” style:use-optimal-row-height=”false”/>
</style:style>
<style:style style:name=”ce1″ style:family=”table-cell”>
<style:text-properties style:font-name=”Aptos” fo:font-size=”24pt” style:font-size-asian=”24pt” style:font-size-complex=”24pt”/>
</style:style>
<style:style style:name=”P1″ style:family=”paragraph”>
<style:text-properties style:font-name=”Aptos” fo:font-size=”36pt” fo:font-weight=”bold” style:font-size-asian=”36pt” style:font-weight-asian=”bold” style:font-size-complex=”36pt” style:font-weight-complex=”bold”/>
<style:style style:name=”T1″ style:family=”text”>
<style:text-properties style:font-name=”Aptos” fo:font-size=”36pt” fo:font-weight=”bold” style:font-size-asian=”36pt” style:font-weight-asian=”bold” style:font-size-complex=”36pt” style:font-weight-complex=”bold”/>
</style:style>
<text:list-style style:name=”L1″>
<text:list-level-style-bullet text:level=”1″ text:bullet-char=”●”>
<style:list-level-properties text:min-label-width=”0.6cm”/>
<style:text-properties fo:font-family=”StarSymbol” style:use-window-font-color=”true” fo:font-size=”45%”/>
</text:list-level-style-bullet>
</text:list-style>
</office:automatic-styles>

CONTENT.XML (content description)

<office:body>
<office:presentation>
<draw:page draw:name=”page1″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default” presentation:presentation-page-layout-name=”AL1T0″>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr1″ draw:text-style-name=”P1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”25.199cm” svg:height=”2.63cm” svg:x=”1.4cm” svg:y=”0.627cm” presentation:class=”title” presentation:user-transformed=”true”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T1″>Lorem Ipsum</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr2″ draw:text-style-name=”P3″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”23.952cm” svg:height=”8.03cm” svg:x=”2.019cm” svg:y=”3.992cm” presentation:class=”subtitle” presentation:user-transformed=”true”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P2″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T2″>Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit…</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”1″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<draw:page draw:name=”page2″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default” presentation:presentation-page-layout-name=”AL2T32″>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr4″ draw:text-style-name=”P5″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”23.975cm” svg:height=”11.976cm” svg:x=”2.019cm” svg:y=”2.019cm” presentation:class=”subtitle” presentation:user-transformed=”true”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P2″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T3″>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In at sodales arcu, sollicitudin eleifend justo. Integer in ornare leo. Pellentesque ultrices sapien pharetra lectus finibus cursus. Vestibulum pulvinar, ex sed interdum pharetra, est risus efficitur arcu, ac aliquet ante diam ac eros. Sed vitae dui nec odio rutrum ornare. Cras in neque et neque cursus vehicula. Mauris posuere sed lorem at faucibus.</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”2″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<draw:page draw:name=”page3″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default” presentation:presentation-page-layout-name=”AL3T1″>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr5″ draw:text-style-name=”P1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”25.199cm” svg:height=”2.63cm” svg:x=”1.4cm” svg:y=”0.627cm” presentation:class=”title”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T1″>Mauris efficitur volutpat dictum</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr6″ draw:text-style-name=”P6″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”25.199cm” svg:height=”10.049cm” svg:x=”1.4cm” svg:y=”3.992cm” presentation:class=”outline” presentation:user-transformed=”true”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:list text:style-name=”L2″>
<text:list-item>
<text:p text:style-name=”P6″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T3″>Praesent tempus sodales lacus at accumsan.</text:span>
</text:p>
</text:list-item>
<text:list-item>
<text:p text:style-name=”P6″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T2″>Pellentesque vel neque rutrum, posuere sapien eget, eleifend leo.</text:span>
</text:p>
</text:list-item>
<text:list-item>
<text:p text:style-name=”P6″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T2″>Proin ut ultricies magna.</text:span>
</text:p>
</text:list-item>
<text:list-item>
<text:p text:style-name=”P6″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T2″>Nulla facilisi.</text:span>
</text:p>
</text:list-item>
<text:list-item>
<text:p text:style-name=”P6″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T2″>Donec sed risus quis tellus facilisis elementum.</text:span>
</text:p>
</text:list-item>
<text:list-item>
<text:p text:style-name=”P6″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T2″>Vivamus sit amet semper nisl, vel tristique mi.</text:span>
</text:p>
</text:list-item>
<text:list-item>
<text:p text:style-name=”P6″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T2″>Aenean lobortis neque in malesuada ornare.</text:span>
</text:p>
</text:list-item>
</text:list>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”3″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<draw:page draw:name=”page4″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default” presentation:presentation-page-layout-name=”AL3T1″>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr5″ draw:text-style-name=”P1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”25.199cm” svg:height=”2.63cm” svg:x=”1.4cm” svg:y=”0.627cm” presentation:class=”title”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T1″>Proin sed mattis elit</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<draw:frame draw:style-name=”gr2″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”23.974cm” svg:height=”8.274cm” svg:x=”2.042cm” svg:y=”3.964cm” presentation:class=”table” presentation:user-transformed=”true”>
<table:table table:template-name=”default” table:use-first-row-styles=”true” table:use-banding-rows-styles=”true”>
<table:table-column table:style-name=”co1″/>
<table:table-column table:style-name=”co2″/>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″ table:default-cell-style-name=”ce1″>
<table:table-cell>
<text:p text:style-name=”P7″>Aenean ultricies turpis eu erat euismod porta.</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell>
<text:p text:style-name=”P7″>Maecenas nec ullamcorper odio, ac tincidunt metus.</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″ table:default-cell-style-name=”ce1″>
<table:table-cell>
<text:p text:style-name=”P7″>Duis volutpat sapien at interdum consequat.</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell>
<text:p text:style-name=”P7″>Donec vel semper nisl.</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″ table:default-cell-style-name=”ce1″>
<table:table-cell>
<text:p text:style-name=”P7″>Sed scelerisque odio non justo suscipit congue.</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell>
<text:p text:style-name=”P7″>Maecenas convallis quis neque at elementum.</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro2″ table:default-cell-style-name=”ce1″>
<table:table-cell table:number-columns-spanned=”2″>
<text:p text:style-name=”P7″>In fringilla tortor id orci porttitor, a euismod velit molestie.</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:covered-table-cell/>
</table:table-row>
</table:table>
<draw:image xlink:href=”Pictures/TablePreview1.svm” xlink:type=”simple” xlink:show=”embed” xlink:actuate=”onLoad”/>
</draw:frame>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”4″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<draw:page draw:name=”page5″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default” presentation:presentation-page-layout-name=”AL4T19″>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr5″ draw:text-style-name=”P1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”25.199cm” svg:height=”2.63cm” svg:x=”1.4cm” svg:y=”0.627cm” presentation:class=”title”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T1″>Aliquam lobortis rutrum massa</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<draw:frame draw:style-name=”gr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P8″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”19.983cm” svg:height=”10.119cm” svg:x=”4.015cm” svg:y=”3.945cm”>
<draw:image xlink:href=”Pictures/10004DCD0000333B00001B9032A76A02.svg” xlink:type=”simple” xlink:show=”embed” xlink:actuate=”onLoad” draw:mime-type=”image/svg+xml”>
<text:p/>
</draw:image>
<draw:image xlink:href=”Pictures/10000001000001F00000010B2D77AC6F.png” xlink:type=”simple” xlink:show=”embed” xlink:actuate=”onLoad” draw:mime-type=”image/png”/>
</draw:frame>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”5″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<draw:page draw:name=”page6″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default”>
<draw:frame draw:style-name=”gr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P8″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”23.956cm” svg:height=”11.952cm” svg:x=”2.049cm” svg:y=”2.019cm”>
<draw:image xlink:href=”Pictures/100000000000140800000C3850FDFB6D.jpg” xlink:type=”simple” xlink:show=”embed” xlink:actuate=”onLoad” draw:mime-type=”image/jpeg”>
<text:p/>
</draw:image>
</draw:frame>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”6″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<draw:page draw:name=”page7″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default” presentation:presentation-page-layout-name=”AL4T19″>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr1″ draw:text-style-name=”P1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”25.199cm” svg:height=”2.63cm” svg:x=”1.4cm” svg:y=”0.627cm” presentation:class=”title” presentation:user-transformed=”true”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T1″>Nullam ac laoreet orci</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr4″ draw:text-style-name=”P9″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.009cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”2.004cm” svg:y=”11.396cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr5″ draw:text-style-name=”P10″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.008cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”8.668cm” svg:y=”11.396cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr6″ draw:text-style-name=”P11″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.008cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”15.332cm” svg:y=”11.353cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr7″ draw:text-style-name=”P12″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.009cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”21.993cm” svg:y=”11.396cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr8″ draw:text-style-name=”P9″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.009cm” svg:height=”3.103cm” svg:x=”2.003cm” svg:y=”7.47cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr9″ draw:text-style-name=”P10″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.008cm” svg:height=”3.103cm” svg:x=”8.667cm” svg:y=”7.47cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr10″ draw:text-style-name=”P11″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.008cm” svg:height=”3.103cm” svg:x=”15.331cm” svg:y=”7.427cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr11″ draw:text-style-name=”P12″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.009cm” svg:height=”3.103cm” svg:x=”21.992cm” svg:y=”7.47cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr4″ draw:text-style-name=”P9″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.009cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”2.002cm” svg:y=”3.543cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr5″ draw:text-style-name=”P10″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.008cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”8.666cm” svg:y=”3.543cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr6″ draw:text-style-name=”P11″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.008cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”15.33cm” svg:y=”3.5cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<draw:custom-shape draw:style-name=”gr7″ draw:text-style-name=”P12″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”4.009cm” svg:height=”3.104cm” svg:x=”21.991cm” svg:y=”3.543cm”>
<text:p/>
<draw:enhanced-geometry svg:viewBox=”0 0 21600 21600″ draw:mirror-horizontal=”false” draw:mirror-vertical=”false” draw:type=”rectangle” draw:enhanced-path=”M 0 0 L 21600 0 21600 21600 0 21600 0 0 Z N”/>
</draw:custom-shape>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”7″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<draw:page draw:name=”page8″ draw:style-name=”dp1″ draw:master-page-name=”Default” presentation:presentation-page-layout-name=”AL3T1″>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr5″ draw:text-style-name=”P1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”25.199cm” svg:height=”2.63cm” svg:x=”1.4cm” svg:y=”0.627cm” presentation:class=”title”>
<draw:text-box>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>
<text:span text:style-name=”T1″>It could work</text:span>
</text:p>
</draw:text-box>
</draw:frame>
<draw:frame draw:style-name=”gr2″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.608cm” svg:height=”9.134cm” svg:x=”5.695cm” svg:y=”3.684cm” presentation:class=”object”>
<draw:plugin xlink:href=”Media/It Could Work – Young Frankenstein.mp4″ xlink:type=”simple” xlink:show=”embed” xlink:actuate=”onLoad” draw:mime-type=”video/mp4″>
<draw:param draw:name=”Loop” draw:value=”false”/>
<draw:param draw:name=”Mute” draw:value=”false”/>
<draw:param draw:name=”VolumeDB” draw:value=”0″/>
</draw:plugin>
</draw:frame>
<presentation:notes draw:style-name=”dp2″>
<draw:page-thumbnail draw:style-name=”gr1″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”14.848cm” svg:height=”11.136cm” svg:x=”3.075cm” svg:y=”2.257cm” draw:page-number=”8″ presentation:class=”page”/>
<draw:frame presentation:style-name=”pr3″ draw:text-style-name=”P4″ draw:layer=”layout” svg:width=”16.799cm” svg:height=”13.364cm” svg:x=”2.1cm” svg:y=”14.107cm” presentation:class=”notes” presentation:placeholder=”true”>
<draw:text-box/>
</draw:frame>
</presentation:notes>
</draw:page>
<presentation:settings presentation:mouse-visible=”false”/>
</office:presentation>
</office:body>

Overall, ODP’s XML file is slightly more complex than ODS’ and ODT’s XML files due to the greater complexity of the styles section. However, this is offset by the lower complexity of the content section. Once you understand the logic — the slide number sequence, style descriptions, descriptions of elements that do not fall within the styles and content descriptions — it is fairly easy to read, even for a basic user (and certainly for a developer).

One detail to note is that the names of the images (renamed with a numerical code) and videos (with the same name as the MP4 file) are consistent across the Pictures and Media folders and content.xml to facilitate identification.

The PPTX file

As the seven slide.xml files contain most of the information, I will focus on them. To avoid repetition, I am only publishing slides 5, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8.

SLIDE3.XML

<p:cSld>
<p:spTree>
<p:nvGrpSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”1″ name=””/>
<p:cNvGrpSpPr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvGrpSpPr>
<p:grpSpPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”0″ y=”0″/>
<a:ext cx=”0″ cy=”0″/>
<a:chOff x=”0″ y=”0″/>
<a:chExt cx=”0″ cy=”0″/>
</a:xfrm>
</p:grpSpPr>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”15″ name=”PlaceHolder 1″/>
<p:cNvSpPr>
<a:spLocks noGrp=”1″/>
</p:cNvSpPr>
<p:nvPr>
<p:ph type=”title”/>
</p:nvPr>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”504000″ y=”225720″/>
<a:ext cx=”9071640″ cy=”946800″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:noFill/>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:noFill/>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr lIns=”0″ tIns=”0″ rIns=”0″ bIns=”0″ anchor=”ctr”>
<a:spAutoFit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr indent=”0″ algn=”ctr”>
<a:buNone/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”3600″ b=”1″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Mauris efficitur volutpat dictum</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”16″ name=”PlaceHolder 2″/>
<p:cNvSpPr>
<a:spLocks noGrp=”1″/>
</p:cNvSpPr>
<p:nvPr>
<p:ph/>
</p:nvPr>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”504000″ y=”1437120″/>
<a:ext cx=”9071640″ cy=”3617640″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:noFill/>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:noFill/>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr lIns=”0″ tIns=”0″ rIns=”0″ bIns=”0″ anchor=”t”>
<a:normAutofit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr marL=”432000″ indent=”-324000″>
<a:spcBef>
<a:spcPts val=”1057″/>
</a:spcBef>
<a:buClr>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:buClr>
<a:buSzPct val=”45000″/>
<a:buFont typeface=”Wingdings” charset=”2″/>
<a:buChar char=””/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Praesent tempus sodales lacus at accumsan.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
<a:p>
<a:pPr marL=”432000″ indent=”-324000″>
<a:spcBef>
<a:spcPts val=”1057″/>
</a:spcBef>
<a:buClr>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:buClr>
<a:buSzPct val=”45000″/>
<a:buFont typeface=”Wingdings” charset=”2″/>
<a:buChar char=””/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Pellentesque vel neque rutrum, posuere sapien eget, eleifend leo.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
<a:p>
<a:pPr marL=”432000″ indent=”-324000″>
<a:spcBef>
<a:spcPts val=”1057″/>
</a:spcBef>
<a:buClr>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:buClr>
<a:buSzPct val=”45000″/>
<a:buFont typeface=”Wingdings” charset=”2″/>
<a:buChar char=””/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Proin ut ultricies magna.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
<a:p>
<a:pPr marL=”432000″ indent=”-324000″>
<a:spcBef>
<a:spcPts val=”1057″/>
</a:spcBef>
<a:buClr>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:buClr>
<a:buSzPct val=”45000″/>
<a:buFont typeface=”Wingdings” charset=”2″/>
<a:buChar char=””/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Nulla facilisi.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
<a:p>
<a:pPr marL=”432000″ indent=”-324000″>
<a:spcBef>
<a:spcPts val=”1057″/>
</a:spcBef>
<a:buClr>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:buClr>
<a:buSzPct val=”45000″/>
<a:buFont typeface=”Wingdings” charset=”2″/>
<a:buChar char=””/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Donec sed risus quis tellus facilisis elementum.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
<a:p>
<a:pPr marL=”432000″ indent=”-324000″>
<a:spcBef>
<a:spcPts val=”1057″/>
</a:spcBef>
<a:buClr>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:buClr>
<a:buSzPct val=”45000″/>
<a:buFont typeface=”Wingdings” charset=”2″/>
<a:buChar char=””/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Vivamus sit amet semper nisl, vel tristique mi.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
<a:p>
<a:pPr marL=”432000″ indent=”-324000″>
<a:spcBef>
<a:spcPts val=”1057″/>
</a:spcBef>
<a:buClr>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:buClr>
<a:buSzPct val=”45000″/>
<a:buFont typeface=”Wingdings” charset=”2″/>
<a:buChar char=””/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Aenean lobortis neque in malesuada ornare.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
</p:spTree>
</p:cSld>
<p:clrMapOvr>
<a:masterClrMapping/>
</p:clrMapOvr>
</p:sld>

SLIDE4.XML

<p:cSld>
<p:spTree>
<p:nvGrpSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”1″ name=””/>
<p:cNvGrpSpPr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvGrpSpPr>
<p:grpSpPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”0″ y=”0″/>
<a:ext cx=”0″ cy=”0″/>
<a:chOff x=”0″ y=”0″/>
<a:chExt cx=”0″ cy=”0″/>
</a:xfrm>
</p:grpSpPr>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”17″ name=”PlaceHolder 1″/>
<p:cNvSpPr>
<a:spLocks noGrp=”1″/>
</p:cNvSpPr>
<p:nvPr>
<p:ph type=”title”/>
</p:nvPr>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”504000″ y=”225720″/>
<a:ext cx=”9071640″ cy=”946800″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:noFill/>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:noFill/>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr lIns=”0″ tIns=”0″ rIns=”0″ bIns=”0″ anchor=”ctr”>
<a:spAutoFit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr indent=”0″ algn=”ctr”>
<a:buNone/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”3600″ b=”1″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Proin sed mattis elit</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
<p:graphicFrame>
<p:nvGraphicFramePr>
<p:cNvPr id=”18″ name=”Tabella 17″/>
<p:cNvGraphicFramePr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvGraphicFramePr>
<p:xfrm>
<a:off x=”735120″ y=”1427040″/>
<a:ext cx=”8631000″ cy=”2934720″/>
</p:xfrm>
<a:graphic>
<a:graphicData uri=”http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/table”>
<a:tbl>
<a:tblPr/>
<a:tblGrid>
<a:gridCol w=”4315680″>
<a:extLst>
<a:ext uri=”{9D8B030D-6E8A-4147-A177-3AD203B41FA5}”>
<a16:colId xmlns:a16=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/drawing/2014/main” val=”20000″/>
</a:ext>
</a:extLst>
</a:gridCol>
<a:gridCol w=”4315320″>
<a:extLst>
<a:ext uri=”{9D8B030D-6E8A-4147-A177-3AD203B41FA5}”>
<a16:colId xmlns:a16=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/drawing/2014/main” val=”20001″/>
</a:ext>
</a:extLst>
</a:gridCol>
</a:tblGrid>
<a:tr h=”605880″>
<a:tc>
<a:txBody>
<a:bodyPr/>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr indent=”0″>
<a:buNone/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Aenean ultricies turpis eu erat euismod porta.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</a:txBody>
<a:tcPr marL=”90000″ marR=”90000″ marT=”46800″ marB=”46800″>
<a:lnL w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnL>
<a:lnR w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnR>
<a:lnT w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnT>
<a:lnB w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnB>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”B3B3B3″/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:tcPr>
</a:tc>
<a:tc>
<a:txBody>
<a:bodyPr/>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr indent=”0″>
<a:buNone/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Maecenas nec ullamcorper odio, ac tincidunt metus.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</a:txBody>
<a:tcPr marL=”90000″ marR=”90000″ marT=”46800″ marB=”46800″>
<a:lnL w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnL>
<a:lnR w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnR>
<a:lnT w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnT>
<a:lnB w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnB>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”B3B3B3″/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:tcPr>
</a:tc>
<a:extLst>
<a:ext uri=”{0D108BD9-81ED-4DB2-BD59-A6C34878D82A}”>
<a16:rowId xmlns:a16=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/drawing/2014/main” val=”10000″/>
</a:ext>
</a:extLst>
</a:tr>
<a:tr h=”605880″>
<a:tc>
<a:txBody>
<a:bodyPr/>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr indent=”0″>
<a:buNone/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Duis volutpat sapien at interdum consequat.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</a:txBody>
<a:tcPr marL=”90000″ marR=”90000″ marT=”46800″ marB=”46800″>
<a:lnL w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnL>
<a:lnR w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnR>
<a:lnT w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnT>
<a:lnB w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnB>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”CCCCCC”/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:tcPr>
</a:tc>
<a:tc>
<a:txBody>
<a:bodyPr/>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr indent=”0″>
<a:buNone/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”2400″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>Donec vel semper nisl.</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</a:txBody>
<a:tcPr marL=”90000″ marR=”90000″ marT=”46800″ marB=”46800″>
<a:lnL w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnL>
<a:lnR w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnR>
<a:lnT w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnT>
<a:lnB w=”720″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:prstDash val=”solid”/>
</a:lnB>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”CCCCCC”/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:tcPr>
</a:tc>
<a:extLst>
<a:ext uri=”{0D108BD9-81ED-4DB2-BD59-A6C34878D82A}”>
<a16:rowId xmlns:a16=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/drawing/2014/main” val=”10001″/>
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<a:t>Sed scelerisque odio non justo suscipit congue.</a:t>
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<a:t>Maecenas convallis quis neque at elementum.</a:t>
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<a:t>In fringilla tortor id orci porttitor, a euismod velit molestie.</a:t>
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SLIDE6.XML

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SLIDE7.XML

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<a:t>Nullam ac laoreet orci</a:t>
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<a:ext cx=”1443240″ cy=”1117080″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:style>
<a:lnRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:lnRef>
<a:fillRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:fillRef>
<a:effectRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:effectRef>
<a:fontRef idx=”minor”/>
</p:style>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr wrap=”none” lIns=”90000″ tIns=”45000″ rIns=”90000″ bIns=”45000″ anchor=”ctr”>
<a:noAutofit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:endParaRPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”1800″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Arial”/>
</a:endParaRPr>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”31″ name=”Rettangolo 30″/>
<p:cNvSpPr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”720720″ y=”1275480″/>
<a:ext cx=”1443240″ cy=”1117440″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FF0000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:style>
<a:lnRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:lnRef>
<a:fillRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:fillRef>
<a:effectRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:effectRef>
<a:fontRef idx=”minor”/>
</p:style>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr wrap=”none” lIns=”90000″ tIns=”45000″ rIns=”90000″ bIns=”45000″ anchor=”ctr”>
<a:noAutofit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:endParaRPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”1800″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Arial”/>
</a:endParaRPr>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”32″ name=”Rettangolo 31″/>
<p:cNvSpPr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”3119760″ y=”1275480″/>
<a:ext cx=”1442880″ cy=”1117440″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”00FF00″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:style>
<a:lnRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:lnRef>
<a:fillRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:fillRef>
<a:effectRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:effectRef>
<a:fontRef idx=”minor”/>
</p:style>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr wrap=”none” lIns=”90000″ tIns=”45000″ rIns=”90000″ bIns=”45000″ anchor=”ctr”>
<a:noAutofit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:endParaRPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”1800″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Arial”/>
</a:endParaRPr>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”33″ name=”Rettangolo 32″/>
<p:cNvSpPr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”5518800″ y=”1260000″/>
<a:ext cx=”1442880″ cy=”1117440″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”0000FF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:style>
<a:lnRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
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</a:fillRef>
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<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
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<a:fontRef idx=”minor”/>
</p:style>
<p:txBody>
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<a:noAutofit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:endParaRPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”1800″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Arial”/>
</a:endParaRPr>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”34″ name=”Rettangolo 33″/>
<p:cNvSpPr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”7916760″ y=”1275480″/>
<a:ext cx=”1443240″ cy=”1117440″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”FFFFFF”/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:style>
<a:lnRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
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<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:fillRef>
<a:effectRef idx=”0″>
<a:scrgbClr r=”0″ g=”0″ b=”0″/>
</a:effectRef>
<a:fontRef idx=”minor”/>
</p:style>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr wrap=”none” lIns=”90000″ tIns=”45000″ rIns=”90000″ bIns=”45000″ anchor=”ctr”>
<a:noAutofit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:endParaRPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”1800″ b=”0″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Arial”/>
</a:endParaRPr>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
</p:spTree>
</p:cSld>

SLIDE8:XLS

<p:cSld>
<p:spTree>
<p:nvGrpSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”1″ name=””/>
<p:cNvGrpSpPr/>
<p:nvPr/>
</p:nvGrpSpPr>
<p:grpSpPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”0″ y=”0″/>
<a:ext cx=”0″ cy=”0″/>
<a:chOff x=”0″ y=”0″/>
<a:chExt cx=”0″ cy=”0″/>
</a:xfrm>
</p:grpSpPr>
<p:sp>
<p:nvSpPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”35″ name=”PlaceHolder 1″/>
<p:cNvSpPr>
<a:spLocks noGrp=”1″/>
</p:cNvSpPr>
<p:nvPr>
<p:ph type=”title”/>
</p:nvPr>
</p:nvSpPr>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”504000″ y=”225720″/>
<a:ext cx=”9071640″ cy=”946800″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:noFill/>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:noFill/>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
<p:txBody>
<a:bodyPr lIns=”0″ tIns=”0″ rIns=”0″ bIns=”0″ anchor=”ctr”>
<a:spAutoFit/>
</a:bodyPr>
<a:lstStyle/>
<a:p>
<a:pPr indent=”0″ algn=”ctr”>
<a:buNone/>
</a:pPr>
<a:r>
<a:rPr lang=”en-GB” sz=”3600″ b=”1″ u=”none” strike=”noStrike”>
<a:solidFill>
<a:srgbClr val=”000000″/>
</a:solidFill>
<a:effectLst/>
<a:uFillTx/>
<a:latin typeface=”Aptos”/>
</a:rPr>
<a:t>It could work</a:t>
</a:r>
</a:p>
</p:txBody>
</p:sp>
<p:pic>
<p:nvPicPr>
<p:cNvPr id=”36″ name=”Immagine 35″>
<a:hlinkClick r:id=”” action=”ppaction://media”/>
</p:cNvPr>
<p:cNvPicPr/>
<p:nvPr>
<a:videoFile r:link=”rId2″/>
<p:extLst>
<p:ext uri=”{DAA4B4D4-6D71-4841-9C94-3DE7FCFB9230}”>
<p14:media xmlns:p14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/powerpoint/2010/main” r:embed=”rId1″/>
</p:ext>
</p:extLst>
</p:nvPr>
</p:nvPicPr>
<p:blipFill>
<a:blip r:embed=”rId4″/>
<a:stretch>
<a:fillRect/>
</a:stretch>
</p:blipFill>
<p:spPr>
<a:xfrm>
<a:off x=”2050200″ y=”1326240″/>
<a:ext cx=”5978880″ cy=”3288240″/>
</a:xfrm>
<a:prstGeom prst=”rect”>
<a:avLst/>
</a:prstGeom>
<a:ln w=”0″>
<a:noFill/>
</a:ln>
</p:spPr>
</p:pic>
</p:spTree>
</p:cSld>

In the case of PPTX files, the unnecessary complexity is therefore multiplied by the number of slides, and by other factors:

  1. Despite using an English operating system and browser, Microsoft 365 has decided to use Italian, randomly inserting Italian terms into the XML files. For example, the video on slide 8 is labelled ‘Immagine 35’ (why not ‘Video 35’, which would be more accurate?), and the boxes on slide 7 are labelled ‘Rettangolo 22’ (and so on). What would happen if a German user received and saved the presentation? Would the terms “immagine” and “rettangolo” be translated into German, or would they remain in Italian?
  2. The placeholders for images and videos do not match the file names in the media folder. Despite searching through all the XML files, I couldn’t find the string “video1.mp4”, which the video was renamed to in the media folder, nor a reference to the placeholder “Immagine 35” used in the slide8.xml file. The problem is not the file name itself, but the fact that it is impossible for an average user to trace the file due to a lack of correspondence. I am sure that the correspondence is defined in some (extremely cryptic) way because I cannot imagine every PC independently deciding that, wherever “Immagine 35” appears, “video1.mp4” must be displayed. This would go beyond any form of artificial intelligence.
  3. In some cases, the XML tags are incomprehensible and contain serious errors. For instance, in the case of green fill colours, the tag is <a:srgbClr val=”00FF00″>, which clearly references the RGB colour model despite the value being hexadecimal. The content.xml file of the ODP file correctly uses the tag <draw:fill-colour=”#00FF00″>. While “draw:fill-colour” is fairly understandable, “a:srgbClr val” is much less so (and is also incorrect). Moreover, why would there be an “a:” prefix in a programme called PowerPoint? Perhaps because the developer was called Dennis Austin? Why not use “f:” for Forethought then, the company from which Microsoft purchased the software? I’m just joking, of course.
  4. …

I hope no one has the courage to argue that all these complexities and oddities are essential for displaying the slides correctly, not to mention the errors. For example, why is there an XML file for each slide? Why are there Italian terms in an XML file? Why RGB colour when it is hexadecimal? I’ve been waiting years for a convincing answer, but I still haven’t received one. Perhaps I will get one this time.

Conclusions

Once again, comparing the XML schemas of ODP and PPTX files highlights the unnecessarily complex structure of the latter, given that there is no reason why each slide should have a separate XML file. There is also no reason for the internal structure of PPTX files to differ from that of DOCX files, which in turn differs from that of XLSX files.

As I have explained many times, the reality is what I have described here, without going into technical detail. Microsoft has created a file format that does not respond to the concept of a standard in any way. It is unnecessarily complex and creative, both in terms of the internal structure of the files and the XML schema, including the tags, which are not intuitive, unlike those used by ODF files.

Best practices for the effective use of XML tags recommend the use of clear tag names that describe the enclosed content and the maintenance of consistency in this tagging scheme. In the case of document formats, this means that once a set of XML tags has been defined, they should be used consistently throughout (i.e. the same tags should be used in all files). This is the opposite of what happens with the proprietary OOXML format, which is designed to force users to remain tied to Microsoft 365 (and, previously, to Microsoft Office in its various versions).

ODF, on the other hand, complies with XML best practices, giving developers and users full control over their content, including privacy protection, proper management of sensitive data and the ability to decide what to share and with whom.

ODF is the open, standard document format that we should all use, but only a minority do due to a lack of knowledge about the reality of the OOXML format, and because too many users place messianic trust in Microsoft. This means they remain “handcuffed” to proprietary software.

Release of LibreOffice 25.8.2

Berlin, 9 October 2025 – LibreOffice 25.8.2, the second minor release of the free, volunteer-supported office suite for personal productivity in office environments, is now available on our download page for Windows, macOS and Linux.

This release includes over 60 bug and regression fixes over LibreOffice 25.8 [1] to enhance the software’s stability and robustness. It also solves several interoperability issues with the proprietary Microsoft Office/365 document format and improves the user interface and file opening and saving processes.

LibreOffice is the only office suite with a feature set comparable to the market leader. It also offers a range of interface options to suit all user habits, from traditional to modern, and makes the most of different screen form factors by optimising the space available on the desktop to put the maximum number of features just a click or two away.

LibreOffice 25.8.2 is available at www.libreoffice.org/download/.

For users who don’t need the latest features and prefer a version that has undergone more testing and bug fixing, The Document Foundation maintains the LibreOffice 25.2 family, which includes several months of back-ported fixes. The current release is LibreOffice 25.2.6.

The Document Foundation does not provide technical support for users, although they can get it from volunteers on user mailing lists and the Ask LibreOffice website: ask.libreoffice.org

LibreOffice users, free software advocates and community members can support the Document Foundation by making a donation on our donate page.

[1] Fixes in RC1: wiki.documentfoundation.org/Releases/25.8.2/RC1. Fixes in RC2: wiki.documentfoundation.org/Releases/25.8.2/RC2.

The artificial complexity of OOXML files (the DOCX case)

The complexity of the OOXML format is linked to its design and was deliberately created to make the format more difficult for non-Microsoft software developers to implement. Compatibility issues are caused by a veritable “maze” of tags used even for the simplest content, which binds users to the Microsoft ecosystem in the first example of standard-based lock-in.

The DOCX case

To demonstrate the difference in complexity between the XML schemas of Writer and Word text documents in the ODF and OOXML formats, I used two classic English theatre plays: William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest. I downloaded the text versions of these works from Project Gutenberg — a library of classic texts for which US copyright has expired — and deleted the introductions and conclusions added by Project Gutenberg, without making any other changes.

I then repeated this process for both documents.

I copied all the text and pasted it, without any formatting, into two newly created blank documents. For Writer, I used the template that I usually use for unstructured documents; for Word, I did not use a template. This means that, in Writer, the XML schema contains information about the template (margins, paragraph and font formatting), but this does not increase its complexity.

To perform the analysis, I duplicated and renamed the two files, replacing the original extension with “ZIP”, and then decompressed them to create two folders containing all the files of the respective XML schemas.

The LibreOffice folder contained three subfolders and six files with the same names as those in the ODS file examined last week, as would be expected of a standard aiming to simplify life for developers and users. All the content is actually in the content.xml file, while the other files contain instructions for displaying the text document correctly.

The Microsoft 365 folder contains three subfolders and the [Content_Types].xml file, as with the XLSX file examined last week. One of the subfolders has a different name, but this is related to the application and does not increase complexity. Opening the [Content_Types].xml file provides information about the other files, including those in the subfolders.

In this case, the content is in the document.xml file inside the Word folder, which contains folders and files that differ completely from those in the XLSX file. Again, there is no technical reason for this difference in the XML schemas of the two files other than to make their internal structures different and more complex.

Let’s now analyse William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and then Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest.

Here is the PDF of Hamlet:

hamlet

 

The difference in complexity between the document.xml and content.xml files is striking when you compare their lengths: the content.xml file has 6,802 lines, while the document.xml file has 60,245 lines, compared to a text document of 5,566 lines.

Let us now compare the two files’ XML schemas from the beginning to the end of the introduction.

CONTENT.XML

<office:body>
<office:text text:use-soft-page-breaks=”true”>
<office:forms form:automatic-focus=”false” form:apply-design-mode=”false”/>
<text:sequence-decls>
<text:sequence-decl text:display-outline-level=”0″ text:name=”Illustration”/>
<text:sequence-decl text:display-outline-level=”0″ text:name=”Table”/>
<text:sequence-decl text:display-outline-level=”0″ text:name=”Text”/>
<text:sequence-decl text:display-outline-level=”0″ text:name=”Drawing”/>
<text:sequence-decl text:display-outline-level=”0″ text:name=”Figure”/>
</text:sequence-decls>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>THE TRAGEDY OF HAMLET, PRINCE OF DENMARK</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″/>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>by William Shakespeare</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″/>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″/>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″/>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″/>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Contents</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″/>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>ACT I</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene I. Elsinore. A platform before the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene II. Elsinore. A room of state in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene III. A room in Polonius’s house</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene IV. The platform</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene V. A more remote part of the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″/>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>ACT II</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene I. A room in Polonius’s house</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene II. A room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″/>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>ACT III</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene I. A room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene II. A hall in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene III. A room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene IV. Another room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″/>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>ACT IV</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene I. A room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene II. Another room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene III. Another room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene IV. A plain in Denmark</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene V. Elsinore. A room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:soft-page-break/><text:s/>Scene VI. Another room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene VII. Another room in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″/>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>ACT V</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene I. A churchyard</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:s/>Scene II. A hall in the Castle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″/>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″/>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″/>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″/>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Dramatis Personæ</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″/>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>HAMLET, Prince of Denmark</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>CLAUDIUS, King of Denmark, Hamlet’s uncle</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>The GHOST of the late king, Hamlet’s father</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>GERTRUDE, the Queen, Hamlet’s mother, now wife of Claudius</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>POLONIUS, Lord Chamberlain</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>LAERTES, Son to Polonius</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>OPHELIA, Daughter to Polonius</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>HORATIO, Friend to Hamlet</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>FORTINBRAS, Prince of Norway</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>VOLTEMAND, Courtier</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>CORNELIUS, Courtier</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ROSENCRANTZ, Courtier</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>GUILDENSTERN, Courtier</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>MARCELLUS, Officer</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>BARNARDO, Officer</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>FRANCISCO, a Soldier</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>OSRIC, Courtier</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>REYNALDO, Servant to Polonius</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Players</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>A Gentleman, Courtier</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>A Priest</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:soft-page-break/>Two Clowns, Grave-diggers</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>A Captain</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>English Ambassadors.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Lords, Ladies, Officers, Soldiers, Sailors, Messengers, and Attendants</text:p>

It is a reasonably complex XML file. After the initial instructions on the sequence of content, the text of the tragedy can easily be located alongside the sequence of the five acts and the descriptions of the dramatis personae.

DOCUMENT.XML

<w:body>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>THE TRAGEDY OF HAMLET, PRINCE OF DENMARK</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
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<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
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<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”1B479704″ wp14:textId=”129900F6″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>by William Shakespeare</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
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<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
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<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”1F7D25FF” wp14:textId=”4619853B”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
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</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”50471715″ wp14:textId=”708F3004″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:rPr/>
<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
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<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”7E2BE7BA” wp14:textId=”48A7F848″>
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<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
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<w:pPr>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Contents</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
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<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
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<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”1C38A773″ wp14:textId=”4F3F8ED2″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>ACT I</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”59328897″ wp14:textId=”21C9F129″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene I. Elsinore. A platform before the Castle</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”30C9E582″ wp14:textId=”0A7616FF”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene II. Elsinore. A room of state in the Castle</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”5EAB6C01″ wp14:textId=”70B75214″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene III. A room in Polonius’s house</w:t>
</w:r>
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<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”232393A3″ wp14:textId=”069440B2″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene IV. The platform</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”65E1A75F” wp14:textId=”1E769B73″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene V. A more remote part of the Castle</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”6C6D2F5C” wp14:textId=”13700863″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
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<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”339DBFF3″ wp14:textId=”4AF718C4″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>ACT II</w:t>
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<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene I. A room in Polonius’s house</w:t>
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<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”526BCABF” wp14:textId=”441F6801″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene II. A room in the Castle</w:t>
</w:r>
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<w:rPr/>
<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
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<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”577B4504″ wp14:textId=”1BF167DB”>
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<w:t>ACT III</w:t>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene I. A room in the Castle</w:t>
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<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene II. A hall in the Castle</w:t>
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<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene III. A room in the Castle</w:t>
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<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene IV. Another room in the Castle</w:t>
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<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:rPr/>
<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
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<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”4B538D6F” wp14:textId=”7CB11368″>
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<w:rPr/>
<w:t>ACT IV</w:t>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene I. A room in the Castle</w:t>
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<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene II. Another room in the Castle</w:t>
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</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”57D2E145″ wp14:textId=”08927478″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene III. Another room in the Castle</w:t>
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</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”2BA12E96″ wp14:textId=”1E35C8BC”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene IV. A plain in Denmark</w:t>
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</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”4DF8BEC9″ wp14:textId=”67676CF3″>
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<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene V. Elsinore. A room in the Castle</w:t>
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<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene VI. Another room in the Castle</w:t>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene VII. Another room in the Castle</w:t>
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<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
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<w:t>ACT V</w:t>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene I. A churchyard</w:t>
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<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Scene II. A hall in the Castle</w:t>
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<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
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<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
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<w:rPr/>
<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
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<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
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<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
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<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”1EEEFC18″ wp14:textId=”2D4F2D20″>
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<w:t>Dramatis Personæ</w:t>
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<w:t xml:space=”preserve”> </w:t>
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<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”7198BA63″ wp14:textId=”0ECB601B”>
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<w:rPr/>
<w:t>HAMLET, Prince of Denmark</w:t>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>CLAUDIUS, King of Denmark, Hamlet’s uncle</w:t>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>The GHOST of the late king, Hamlet’s father</w:t>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>GERTRUDE, the Queen, Hamlet’s mother, now wife of Claudius</w:t>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>POLONIUS, Lord Chamberlain</w:t>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>LAERTES, Son to Polonius</w:t>
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<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>OPHELIA, Daughter to Polonius</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”2D438C1E” wp14:textId=”7211E8E5″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>HORATIO, Friend to Hamlet</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”4E6B50D6″ wp14:textId=”559117D7″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>FORTINBRAS, Prince of Norway</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”1B5B4955″ wp14:textId=”599A64FC”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>VOLTEMAND, Courtier</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”32BA9096″ wp14:textId=”6E8C2728″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>CORNELIUS, Courtier</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”60FD9B45″ wp14:textId=”2F2E3956″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>ROSENCRANTZ, Courtier</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”0CC7985B” wp14:textId=”56DED383″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>GUILDENSTERN, Courtier</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”775EA68F” wp14:textId=”089F9982″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>MARCELLUS, Officer</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”4E2AEAC2″ wp14:textId=”34855F77″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>BARNARDO, Officer</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”6DB5A437″ wp14:textId=”146C2E48″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>FRANCISCO, a Soldier</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”389BDBAC” wp14:textId=”0B30EC2E”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>OSRIC, Courtier</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”12730B2E” wp14:textId=”60DC1BFE”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>REYNALDO, Servant to Polonius</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”7FA85C5A” wp14:textId=”3D66976B”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Players</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”2F38E070″ wp14:textId=”309A60BF”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>A Gentleman, Courtier</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”53493710″ wp14:textId=”48B3D2A5″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>A Priest</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”611C5F94″ wp14:textId=”22FB27D4″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Two Clowns, Grave-diggers</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”577DC4BA” wp14:textId=”2FD3CAA0″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>A Captain</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”0BAF6209″ wp14:textId=”35658011″>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>English Ambassadors.</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>
<w:p xmlns:wp14=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordml” w:rsidP=”03F02A92″ wp14:paraId=”260F5D8D” wp14:textId=”0FC10ABC”>
<w:pPr>
<w:pStyle w:val=”Normal”/>
</w:pPr>
<w:r w:rsidR=”0C2508E9″>
<w:rPr/>
<w:t>Lords, Ladies, Officers, Soldiers, Sailors, Messengers, and Attendants</w:t>
</w:r>
</w:p>

This XML file contains a lot of repetition. Is it really necessary to include the same information about the schema and style for every line of content, including empty ones? I doubt it personally, but since I am not a technician, I am willing to listen to reasons from those who argue that this content is essential and not artificial complexity.

Let’s see if the same thing happens with Oscar Wilde’s ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’. Here is the PDF:

earnest

 

In this case, the artificial complexity of the Word document is less apparent, as the content.xml file has 3,974 lines compared to a text document of 3,885 lines, and the document.xml file has 8,610 lines. Therefore, we have gone from a file that is almost ten times longer in terms of the number of lines to a file that is just over twice as long. This difference can be explained by comparing the first lines of the two files’ XML schemas (only those with content).

CONTENT.XML

<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>The Importance of Being Earnest</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>A Trivial Comedy for Serious People</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>THE PERSONS IN THE PLAY</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>John Worthing, J.P.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Algernon Moncrieff</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Rev. Canon Chasuble, D.D.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Merriman, Butler</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Lane, Manservant</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Lady Bracknell</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Hon. Gwendolen Fairfax</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Cecily Cardew</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Miss Prism, Governess</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>THE SCENES OF THE PLAY</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ACT I. Algernon Moncrieff’s Flat in Half-Moon Street, W.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ACT II. The Garden at the Manor House, Woolton.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ACT III. Drawing-Room at the Manor House, Woolton.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>TIME: The Present.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>LONDON: ST. JAMES’S THEATRE</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Lessee and Manager: Mr. George Alexander</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>February 14th, 1895</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>John Worthing, J.P.: Mr. George Alexander.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Algernon Moncrieff: Mr. Allen Aynesworth.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Rev. Canon Chasuble, D.D.: Mr. H. H. Vincent.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Merriman: Mr. Frank Dyall.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Lane: Mr. F. Kinsey Peile.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Lady Bracknell: Miss Rose Leclercq.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Hon. Gwendolen Fairfax: Miss Irene Vanbrugh.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Cecily Cardew: Miss Evelyn Millard.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Miss Prism: Mrs. George Canninge.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>FIRST ACT</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>SCENE</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Morning-room in Algernon’s flat in Half-Moon Street. The room is</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>luxuriously and artistically furnished. The sound of a piano is heard</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>in the adjoining room.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>[Lane is arranging afternoon tea on the table, and after the music has</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ceased, Algernon enters.]</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ALGERNON.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Did you hear what I was playing, Lane?</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>LANE.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>I didn’t think it polite to listen, sir.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:soft-page-break/>ALGERNON.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>I’m sorry for that, for your sake. I don’t play accurately—any one can</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>play accurately—but I play with wonderful expression. As far as the</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>piano is concerned, sentiment is my forte. I keep science for Life.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>LANE.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Yes, sir.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ALGERNON.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>And, speaking of the science of Life, have you got the cucumber</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>sandwiches cut for Lady Bracknell?</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>LANE.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Yes, sir. [Hands them on a salver.]</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ALGERNON.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>[Inspects them, takes two, and sits down on the sofa.] Oh! . . . by the</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>way, Lane, I see from your book that on Thursday night, when Lord</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Shoreman and Mr. Worthing were dining with me, eight bottles of</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>champagne are entered as having been consumed.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>LANE.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Yes, sir; eight bottles and a pint.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>ALGERNON.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Why is it that at a bachelor’s establishment the servants invariably</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>drink the champagne? I ask merely for information.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>LANE.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>I attribute it to the superior quality of the wine, sir. I have often</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>observed that in married households the champagne is rarely of a</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>first-rate brand.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″><text:soft-page-break/>ALGERNON.</text:p>
<text:p text:style-name=”P1″>Good heavens! Is marriage so demoralising as that?</text:p>

DOCUMENT.XML

<w:t>The Importance of Being Earnest</w:t>
<w:t>A Trivial Comedy for Serious People</w:t>
<w:t>THE PERSONS IN THE PLAY</w:t>
<w:t>John Worthing, J.P. Algernon Moncrieff Rev. Canon Chasuble, D.D. Merriman, Butler Lane, Manservant Lady Bracknell Hon. Gwendolen Fairfax Cecily Cardew Miss Prism, Governess</w:t>
<w:t>THE SCENES OF THE PLAY</w:t>
<w:t>ACT I. Algernon Moncrieff’s Flat in Half-Moon Street, W.</w:t>
<w:t>ACT II. The Garden at the Manor House, Woolton.</w:t>
<w:t>ACT III. Drawing-Room at the Manor House, Woolton.</w:t>
<w:t>TIME: The Present.</w:t>
<w:t>LONDON: ST. JAMES’S THEATRE</w:t>
<w:t>Lessee and Manager: Mr. George Alexander</w:t>
<w:t>February 14th, 1895</w:t>
<w:t>John Worthing, J.P.: Mr. George Alexander. Algernon Moncrieff: Mr. Allen Aynesworth. Rev. Canon Chasuble, D.D.: Mr. H. H. Vincent. Merriman: Mr. Frank Dyall. Lane: Mr. F. Kinsey Peile. Lady Bracknell: Miss Rose Leclercq. Hon. Gwendolen Fairfax: Miss Irene Vanbrugh. Cecily Cardew: Miss Evelyn Millard. Miss Prism: Mrs. George Canninge.</w:t>
<w:t>FIRST ACT</w:t>
<w:t>SCENE</w:t>
<w:t>Morning-room in Algernon’s flat in Half-Moon Street. The room is luxuriously and artistically furnished. The sound of a piano is heard in the adjoining room.</w:t>
<w:t>[Lane is arranging afternoon tea on the table, and after the music has ceased, Algernon enters.]</w:t>
<w:t>ALGERNON. Did you hear what I was playing, Lane?</w:t>
<w:t>LANE. I didn’t think it polite to listen, sir.</w:t>
<w:t>ALGERNON. I’m sorry for that, for your sake. I don’t play accurately—any one can play accurately—but I play with wonderful expression. As far as the piano is concerned, sentiment is my forte. I keep science for Life.</w:t>
<w:t>LANE. Yes, sir.</w:t>
<w:t>ALGERNON. And, speaking of the science of Life, have you got the cucumber sandwiches cut for Lady Bracknell?</w:t>
<w:t>LANE. Yes, sir. [Hands them on a salver.]</w:t>
<w:t>ALGERNON. [Inspects them, takes two, and sits down on the sofa.] Oh! . . . by the way, Lane, I see from your book that on Thursday night, when Lord Shoreman and Mr. Worthing were dining with me, eight bottles of champagne are entered as having been consumed.</w:t>
<w:t>LANE. Yes, sir; eight bottles and a pint.</w:t>
<w:t>ALGERNON. Why is it that at a bachelor’s establishment the servants invariably drink the champagne? I ask merely for information.</w:t>
<w:t>LANE. I attribute it to the superior quality of the wine, sir. I have often observed that in married households the champagne is rarely of a first-rate brand.</w:t>
<w:t>ALGERNON. Good heavens! Is marriage so demoralising as that?</w:t>

While the content.xml file retains all the line breaks (hard returns) of the text document, the document.xml file “reinterprets” the text, reconstructing all the paragraphs even when this makes no sense, as with lists of characters and the actors who play them. It also adds punctuation that does not exist in the text file, such as commas to replace hard returns. This is why the file is shorter than the “Hamlet” file, but it introduces an arbitrary “simplification” that does not respect the original document.

Until today, I was convinced that the XML schema of OOXML files was unnecessarily complex for the reasons I have explained at length on several occasions. However, it is not only unnecessarily complex, but also unnecessarily “creative” (always complicating the lives of developers and users).

Conclusions

Unfortunately, the reality is what I have explained several times, without going into technical detail. This has been confirmed by more technical analyses of XLSX and DOCX files, and I believe it will also be confirmed by next week’s PPTX file analysis. Microsoft has created an unnecessarily complex and incomprehensibly creative file format, which complicates the lives of developers and users more than I thought.

Indeed, while it is challenging to manage artificial complexity, it is arguably impossible to manage “creativity” that reinterprets the contents of a document by inventing paragraphs where it might make sense — albeit with a faithful format — and where it makes no sense, as with lists.

Perhaps, in my personal opinion, “creativity” was introduced to make it difficult for companies based in countries where reverse engineering is not illegal to emulate the OOXML format, as I don’t believe “creative” reverse engineering is possible, even with the help of AI.

Users should protect their rights by choosing an open standard format, such as ODF, which gives them control over their content and everything that this entails, including privacy protection, proper management of sensitive data and the ability to decide what to share and with whom.

This is a format whose development process, characteristics, and version are known; whose description corresponds to what happens on the user’s PC; and which faithfully reproduces the contents of the displayed document. It is a format that enables even less experienced users to identify and, in many cases, solve problems.

In short, it is the only open and standard document format that we would all like to have, but which only a minority use due to a lack of knowledge about the reality of the OOXML format, and the messianic trust that too many users place in Microsoft. This leads them to believe that there cannot be a commercial strategy behind a document format that is hostile to users’ interests.

LibreOffice turns 15: a celebration of freedom, collaboration and open technologies and standards

Fifteen years ago, we announced our ambitious plan to provide the world with a fully free and open office suite created by and for the community. Today, we are celebrating 15 years of LibreOffice — a milestone not only for the software itself, but also for the global movement that it represents.

LibreOffice was born on 28 September 2010 when it was launched as a fork of OpenOffice. This was not just a technical split, but also a declaration of independence, transparency, and freedom. LibreOffice would be free: free to use, free to modify, and free from corporate constraints.

From day one, our mission has been clear: to empower people through open technology.

A community like no other

LibreOffice has never been alone. Throughout its journey, it has been supported by a community of thousands of contributors and dozens of companies who have contributed to development, design, localisation, quality assurance and other services to support its growth. Many have simply dedicated their time, skills and passion to creating something unique and better for everyone.

Over the years, the community has:

  • Released dozens of major versions, each more powerful and significantly better than the last;
  • Localised LibreOffice into over 120 languages, some of which are rare or at risk of disappearing, making it accessible to more than 5 billion people;
  • Kept the source code open, making it more modern and secure thanks to countless improvements and rewrites;
  • Organised conferences, workshops, and hackfests that have stimulated innovation and mentoring.

This is not just software. It is a living project, fuelled by real people and companies who are committed to its daily growth.

Why LibreOffice is more important than ever

In an era of cloud lock-in, creeping surveillance and disappearing ownership, LibreOffice remains a bastion of digital autonomy. It gives individuals, schools, non-profit organisations and governments the opportunity to own their tools rather than “renting” them under licence.

It supports ODF (Open Document Format), the only open document standard, which guarantees users transparent access to and management of their documents and perpetual control over their content. No subscriptions. No forced updates. No strings attached.

Looking back, moving forward

Fifteen years is a significant milestone, but LibreOffice is not slowing down. Thanks to continuous improvements to the user interface, increased compatibility, and greater integration with modern systems (including the cloud), the project is moving forward with the same energy with which it was launched.

Here’s what the future looks like:

  • More powerful collaboration tools for teams and organisations
  • Ever-improving compatibility with proprietary formats and native handling of the open document format standard
  • A flexible user interface and user experience to meet the compatibility needs of users accustomed to the rigid interface of proprietary software
  • Continuous performance and security improvements at all levels
  • An ever-expanding network of volunteer contributors and partner companies around the world.

Join the celebrations!

This anniversary is about more than just LibreOffice; it’s about you too: the users, volunteer contributors, ecosystem companies, supporters and everyone who believes in open-source software.

If you have ever reported a bug, done a translation, answered user questions, contributed to the documentation, written source code, organised an event, made a donation, or simply shared LibreOffice with someone else, then you are part of the story.

So raise your glass (or open a text document, spreadsheet, presentation, or drawing) and join us in celebrating 15 years of LibreOffice and the people who made it possible. The best is yet to come!

The artificial complexity of OOXML files (the XLSX case)

The post, published on 18 July 2025, which explained why an artificially complex XML schema, such as that used by Microsoft 365 (formerly Microsoft Office) files, is in fact a subtle tool for locking in users because it is invisible and impossible to detect without in-depth study, was picked up by various IT media outlets. This was probably because it explained a problem that everyone faces without having the tools to solve it in a way that was accessible to everyone.

Some of these articles sparked a debate between those who supported my thesis and those who defended Microsoft, the true champions of lock-in, who claimed that the complexity of the XML schema was not artificial but rather a reflection of the complexity of the documents themselves.

This complexity relates to various factors, such as size (number of pages), structure (text, tables, graphs and images), content management (data entry by multiple people and systems) and customisation through metadata. These factors influence the management, classification and storage of the document itself.

The different approaches to complexity management between ODF and OOXML

However, the ODF and OOXML formats handle this complexity in completely different ways. In the first case, the XML schema seeks to simplify the work of developers and users by ensuring that both sets of requirements are met. Developers have all the descriptive tools related to document complexity at their disposal, and users can distinguish between descriptive elements and content because the two are almost always separate. The content is also consistent in syntax with the document.

In the second case, the XML schema does nothing to simplify the developer’s task and complicates the user’s task by putting all the elements – description and content – together without any apparent logic. This makes the two difficult or even impossible to distinguish.

The complexity of the OOXML format is linked to its design and was deliberately created to make the format more difficult for non-Microsoft software developers to implement. Compatibility issues are caused by a veritable “maze” of tags used even for the simplest content, which binds users to the Microsoft ecosystem in the first example of standard-based lock-in.

Added to this is the widespread use of convoluted descriptions, such as those relating to dates, which are linked to a bug introduced by Visicalc and still present in Excel 67 years after it was discovered, and the arbitrary separation of content, such as sentences or even words that are broken between two content elements. The format reflects the internal data structures and legacy features of Microsoft Office. It uses non-standard language encodings and units of measurement, as well as inconsistent naming conventions and rules between modules. It also uses abstruse tag names that are difficult to decipher.

The XLSX case

To illustrate the difference in complexity between the ODF and OOXML XML schemas, I created a simple spreadsheet containing dates from my life that are either significant or ironic. These include the date I broke my nose, the date it was repaired, and the date I re-married my wife in Las Vegas to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the marriage with an informal ceremony (a drive-through wedding in a limousine).

This is a screenshot of the spreadsheet:

To perform the analysis, I duplicated and renamed the two files, replacing the original extension with “ZIP”, and then unzipped them to create two folders containing all the files of the respective XML schemas.

The LibreOffice folder contains three subfolders and six files, one of which is called content.xml and immediately catches the eye due to its evocative name. Opening it reveals all the contents, while the other files contain instructions for displaying the spreadsheet correctly.

This is the significant portion of the LibreOffice content.xml file:

<office:body>
<office:spreadsheet>
<table:calculation-settings table:case-sensitive=”false” table:automatic-find-labels=”false” table:use-regular-expressions=”false” table:use-wildcards=”true”>
<table:iteration table:maximum-difference=”0.0001″/>
</table:calculation-settings>
<table:table table:name=”Foglio1″ table:style-name=”ta1″>
<office:forms form:automatic-focus=”false” form:apply-design-mode=”false”/>
<table:table-column table:style-name=”co1″ table:default-cell-style-name=”ce2″/>
<table:table-column table:style-name=”co2″ table:default-cell-style-name=”ce4″/>
<table:table-column table:style-name=”co3″ table:number-columns-repeated=”16382″/>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″>
<table:table-cell table:style-name=”ce1″ office:value-type=”string” calcext:value-type=”string”>
<text:p>Event</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell table:style-name=”ce3″ office:value-type=”string” calcext:value-type=”string”>
<text:p>Date</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″>
<table:table-cell office:value-type=”string” calcext:value-type=”string”>
<text:p>Was Born in Umbria</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell table:style-name=”ce7″ office:value-type=”date” office:date-value=”1954-08-12″ calcext:value-type=”date”>
<text:p>08/12/1954</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″>
<table:table-cell office:value-type=”string” calcext:value-type=”string”>
<text:p>Broke Nose in Rome</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell table:style-name=”ce7″ office:value-type=”date” office:date-value=”1965-01-18″ calcext:value-type=”date”>
<text:p>01/18/1965</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″>
<table:table-cell office:value-type=”string” calcext:value-type=”string”>
<text:p>University Degree in Milan</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell table:style-name=”ce7″ office:value-type=”date” office:date-value=”1978-11-19″ calcext:value-type=”date”>
<text:p>11/19/1978</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″>
<table:table-cell office:value-type=”string” calcext:value-type=”string”>
<text:p>First Job at Italian Touring Club</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell table:style-name=”ce7″ office:value-type=”date” office:date-value=”1981-01-10″ calcext:value-type=”date”>
<text:p>01/10/1981</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″>
<table:table-cell office:value-type=”string” calcext:value-type=”string”>
<text:p>Hired by Honeywell and Got 1st PC</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell table:style-name=”ce7″ office:value-type=”date” office:date-value=”1983-01-09″ calcext:value-type=”date”>
<text:p>01/09/1983</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″>
<table:table-cell office:value-type=”string” calcext:value-type=”string”>
<text:p>1st Wedding in Assisi</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell table:style-name=”ce7″ office:value-type=”date” office:date-value=”1984-08-09″ calcext:value-type=”date”>
<text:p>08/09/1984</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″>
<table:table-cell office:value-type=”string” calcext:value-type=”string”>
<text:p>BBC Show Interview in Birmingham</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell table:style-name=”ce7″ office:value-type=”date” office:date-value=”1987-02-17″ calcext:value-type=”date”>
<text:p>02/17/1987</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″>
<table:table-cell office:value-type=”string” calcext:value-type=”string”>
<text:p>Installed OpenOffice</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell table:style-name=”ce7″ office:value-type=”date” office:date-value=”2003-02-01″ calcext:value-type=”date”>
<text:p>02/01/2003</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″>
<table:table-cell office:value-type=”string” calcext:value-type=”string”>
<text:p>Repaired Nose in Rozzano</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell table:style-name=”ce7″ office:value-type=”date” office:date-value=”2008-12-04″ calcext:value-type=”date”>
<text:p>12/04/2008</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″>
<table:table-cell office:value-type=”string” calcext:value-type=”string”>
<text:p>Launched LibreOffice</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell table:style-name=”ce7″ office:value-type=”date” office:date-value=”2010-09-28″ calcext:value-type=”date”>
<text:p>09/28/2010</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro1″>
<table:table-cell office:value-type=”string” calcext:value-type=”string”>
<text:p>2nd Wedding in Las Vegas</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
<table:table-cell table:style-name=”ce7″ office:value-type=”date” office:date-value=”2014-08-08″ calcext:value-type=”date”>
<text:p>08/08/2014</text:p>
</table:table-cell>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro2″ table:number-rows-repeated=”1048563″>
<table:table-cell table:number-columns-repeated=”2″/>
</table:table-row>
<table:table-row table:style-name=”ro2″>
<table:table-cell table:number-columns-repeated=”2″/>
</table:table-row>
</table:table>
<table:named-expressions/>
</office:spreadsheet>
</office:body>

This is an XML file of reasonable complexity. Even someone without technical knowledge can identify the contents of the two columns with a little effort. The file is in an understandable format for dates, text strings and tags (table row, table cell, text and date value).

The Microsoft 365 folder contains three subfolders and the [Content_Types].xml file. Opening this file reveals information about the other files, including those in the subfolders. It also shows that the contents should be found in the sheet1.xml file, which is hidden in the worksheets folder, which is hidden in the xl folder. There is no technical reason for this game of hide-and-seek other than to make the internal structure of the XLSX file more complicated.

The significant part of the Microsoft 365 sheet1.xml file is as follows:

<dimension ref=”A1:B12″/>
<sheetViews>
<sheetView tabSelected=”1″ workbookViewId=”0″>
<selection activeCell=”B1″ sqref=”B1:B1048576″/>
</sheetView>
</sheetViews>
<sheetFormatPr defaultRowHeight=”15″/>
<cols>
<col min=”1″ max=”1″ width=”34.140625″ style=”2″ bestFit=”1″ customWidth=”1″/>
<col min=”2″ max=”2″ width=”11.7109375″ style=”4″ bestFit=”1″ customWidth=”1″/>
</cols>
<sheetData>
<row r=”1″ spans=”1:2″>
<c r=”A1″ s=”1″ t=”s”>
<v>0</v>
</c>
<c r=”B1″ s=”3″ t=”s”>
<v>1</v>
</c>
</row>
<row r=”2″ spans=”1:2″>
<c r=”A2″ s=”2″ t=”s”>
<v>2</v>
</c>
<c r=”B2″ s=”4″>
<v>19948</v>
</c>
</row>
<row r=”3″ spans=”1:2″>
<c r=”A3″ s=”2″ t=”s”>
<v>3</v>
</c>
<c r=”B3″ s=”4″>
<v>23760</v>
</c>
</row>
<row r=”4″ spans=”1:2″>
<c r=”A4″ s=”2″ t=”s”>
<v>4</v>
</c>
<c r=”B4″ s=”4″>
<v>28813</v>
</c>
</row>
<row r=”5″ spans=”1:2″>
<c r=”A5″ s=”2″ t=”s”>
<v>5</v>
</c>
<c r=”B5″ s=”4″>
<v>29860</v>
</c>
</row>
<row r=”6″ spans=”1:2″>
<c r=”A6″ s=”2″ t=”s”>
<v>6</v>
</c>
<c r=”B6″ s=”4″>
<v>30560</v>
</c>
</row>
<row r=”7″ spans=”1:2″>
<c r=”A7″ s=”2″ t=”s”>
<v>7</v>
</c>
<c r=”B7″ s=”4″>
<v>30933</v>
</c>
</row>
<row r=”8″ spans=”1:2″>
<c r=”A8″ s=”2″ t=”s”>
<v>8</v>
</c>
<c r=”B8″ s=”4″>
<v>31825</v>
</c>
</row>
<row r=”9″ spans=”1:2″>
<c r=”A9″ s=”2″ t=”s”>
<v>9</v>
</c>
<c r=”B9″ s=”4″>
<v>37623</v>
</c>
</row>
<row r=”10″ spans=”1:2″>
<c r=”A10″ s=”2″ t=”s”>
<v>10</v>
</c>
<c r=”B10″ s=”4″>
<v>39550</v>
</c>
</row>
<row r=”11″ spans=”1:2″>
<c r=”A11″ s=”2″ t=”s”>
<v>11</v>
</c>
<c r=”B11″ s=”4″>
<v>40449</v>
</c>
</row>
<row r=”12″ spans=”1:2″>
<c r=”A12″ s=”2″ t=”s”>
<v>12</v>
</c>
<c r=”B12″ s=”4″>
<v>41859</v>
</c>
</row>
</sheetData>
<pageMargins left=”0.7″ right=”0.7″ top=”0.75″ bottom=”0.75″ header=”0.3″ footer=”0.3″/>

It’s an extremely cryptic XML file. Apart from a few tags – col, row, sheetview and sheetdata – the XML schema is completely incomprehensible. Where are the dates? Where are the event descriptions?

They are actually there, but I challenge anyone to find them unless they know that Excel describes them with a sequential number starting from 1 January 1900. For 29 February 1900, it adds one, despite this being a “phantom” day that the programme – which is incompatible with the Gregorian calendar, a standard recognised even by the Chinese and Muslims – stubbornly continues to consider as existing, even though the “leap year bug” was discovered by Bob Bemer in 1958.

Therefore, in Excel, 19948 corresponds to 12 August 1954, but in reality it is 13 August 1954. The other dates are obviously 23,760; 28,813; 29,860; 30,560; 30,933; 31,825; 37,623; 39,550; 40,449; and 41,859. This is intuitive and easy to calculate, and above all it is imposed by the complexity of the document. Bullshit.

However, the mystery of the event descriptions remains. According to sheet1.xml, they do not exist since they do not appear in any way, not even as a reference. It is as if the spreadsheet consisted only of the second column.

So, I return to the [Content_Types].xml file and open the XML files in the order they are listed, searching for them in the subfolders.

<Types xmlns=”http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/content-types”>
<Default Extension=”rels” ContentType=”application/vnd.openxmlformats-package.relationships+xml”/>
<Default Extension=”xml” ContentType=”application/xml”/>
<Override PartName=”/xl/workbook.xml” ContentType=”application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet.main+xml”/>
<Override PartName=”/docProps/core.xml” ContentType=”application/vnd.openxmlformats-package.core-properties+xml”/>
<Override PartName=”/docProps/app.xml” ContentType=”application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.extended-properties+xml”/>
<Override PartName=”/xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml” ContentType=”application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.worksheet+xml”/>
<Override PartName=”/xl/theme/theme1.xml” ContentType=”application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.theme+xml”/>
<Override PartName=”/xl/styles.xml” ContentType=”application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.styles+xml”/>
<Override PartName=”/xl/sharedStrings.xml” ContentType=”application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sharedStrings+xml”/>
</Types>

Just as I was about to give up hope, I finally found the event descriptions in the sharedStrings.xml file. The file contains the following:

<sst xmlns=”http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main” count=”13″ uniqueCount=”13″>
<si>
<t>Event</t>
</si>
<si>
<t>Date</t>
</si>
<si>
<t>Was Born in Umbria</t>
</si>
<si>
<t>Broke Nose in Rome</t>
</si>
<si>
<t>University Degree in Milan</t>
</si>
<si>
<t>First Job at Italian Touring Club</t>
</si>
<si>
<t>Hired by Honeywell and Got 1st PC</t>
</si>
<si>
<t>1st Wedding in Assisi</t>
</si>
<si>
<t>BBC Show Interview in Birmingham</t>
</si>
<si>
<t>Installed OpenOffice</t>
</si>
<si>
<t>Repaired Nose in Rozzano</t>
</si>
<si>
<t>Launched LibreOffice</t>
</si>
<si>
<t>2nd Wedding in Las Vegas</t>
</si>
</sst>

If Sheet1.xml was cryptic, this is downright incomprehensible. I would like to know how the events are related to the dates within the sheet1.xml file through the different tags used in the two files: <t> and <v>. There are no cross-references linking the two elements, and if there are any, I challenge anyone to explain them to me in a way that I can understand and justify the mysterious format of these references.

Unfortunately, the reality is what I have already tried to explain without going into technical detail, as I have done in this post and will do in the next one dedicated to the DOCX case. Microsoft has developed an unnecessarily complex format – if LibreOffice can handle the information more simply, I don’t understand why Microsoft 365 can’t do the same – with the aim of making it extremely difficult to emulate the OOXML format without reverse engineering, which is widely used in some countries.

Furthermore, office suites that use reverse engineering to adopt OOXML as their native format merely help Microsoft to defend its market share by promoting a proprietary format that goes against users’ interests and their right to ownership and control of the content they have developed, generally referred to as digital sovereignty.

Users should learn to protect their rights by choosing an open, standard format such as ODF. This guarantees control over content and all that this entails, including protection of privacy, proper management of sensitive data and the ability to decide what to share and with whom.

This is a format whose development process, features and version are known, and whose description corresponds to what happens on the user’s PC, so even the least technical user can understand when a problem occurs and, in many cases, solve it.

In short, it is the standard document format that we would all like to have, but which only a minority use due to a lack of knowledge about the reality of the OOXML format, and the messianic trust that many have in Microsoft. This leads them to believe that there cannot be a commercial strategy behind the document format that protects the company’s interests at the expense of users.

LibreOffice-focused talks at the Open Source Conference 2025 Luxembourg

The Open Source Conference 2025 will take place the 1st of October 2025 in Belval, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg, following a very successful first edition in 2024 in combination with the LibreOffice Conference. Open Source software, together with data sovereignty, form the basis to achieve Digital Sovereignty as an inclusive effort where all the participants cooperate to create the tools we need to protect our data, while sharing the technologies that improve everyone’s digital lives. This year’s main tracks provide the opportunity to share the experiences of those that have chosen to produce and implement Open Source tools and platforms that improve security, resilience and data protection.

During the day, there will be several talks focused on LibreOffice or by LibreOffice community members:

  1. Open Innovation and Open Source in Schleswig-Holstein, by Sven Thomsen, CIO of the State of Schleswig-Holstein
  2. Free your mayor! Digital transformation and free software in Échirolles, by Nicolas Vivant, IT Manager of the City of Échirolles
  3. The foundation behind LibreOffice, by Florian Effenberger, Executive Director of The Document Foundation
  4. This is how it works: Open Source as competitive factor in the private (and public?) sector, by Lothar Becker, Managing Director of .riess-applications

Registration is still open: conference.opensource.lu/registration/

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